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Testament of Levi

Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs

About this book
Chapter 13

1 And now, my children, I command you: Fear the Lord your God with all your heart, and walk in simplicity according to all His law. 2 And you also, teach your children letters, so that they may have understanding all their lives, reading continually the law of God.⁠ 3 For everyone who knows the law of the Lord will be honored,⁠ and will not be a stranger wherever he goes. 4 Yes, he will gain many friends—more even than his parents—and many will desire to serve him and to hear the law from his mouth. 5 Therefore, my children, do righteousness upon the earth, so that you may have it as a treasure in heaven.⁠ 6 And sow good things in your souls, so that you may find them in your life. 7 But if you sow evil things, you will reap every trouble and affliction. 8 Acquire wisdom in the fear of God with diligence; for though there be captivity, and cities and lands are destroyed, and gold and silver and every possession perish, nothing can take away the wisdom of the wise, except the blindness of ungodliness and the callousness that comes from sin. 9 For if one keeps oneself from these evils, then even among his enemies wisdom will be his glory, and in a foreign land it will be his homeland, and in the midst of foes it will prove a friend. 10 Whoever teaches noble things and does them will be enthroned with kings, as Joseph my brother was.

Texts in conversation

Compare 4Q213 1 i 10 and Testament of Levi 13:3

Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Retellings · Pseudepigrapha, Testaments

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Summary

In 4Q213, a Dead Sea Scrolls copy of the Aramaic Levi Document, Levi tells his sons that whoever learns wisdom gains honor. The Testament of Levi changes this speech and replaces wisdom with the law of God, so that honor comes from knowing the law.

Passages

4Q213 1 i 10

Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Retellings · Aramaic Levi a
8 [… you will bring in a blessed harvest.] Whoever sows good brings in good, 9 [and whoever sows evil, his seed returns upon] him. And now, reading and instruction and wisdom 10 [teach to your sons, and wisdom will be with you] as eternal honor. Whoever learns wisdom, honor 11 [is his; but whoever despises wisdom] is given over to contempt and scorn. Look, my sons, 12 [at Joseph my brother, who taught reading and the instruction of] wisdom, for honor and for greatness and for kings
160–60 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q213

Testament of Levi 13:3

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs
1 And now, my children, I command you: Fear the Lord your God with all your heart, and walk in simplicity according to all His law. 2 And you also, teach your children letters, so that they may have understanding all their lives, reading continually the law of God. 3 For everyone who knows the law of the Lord will be honored, and will not be a stranger wherever he goes. 4 Yes, he will gain many friends—more even than his parents—and many will desire to serve him and to hear the law from his mouth.
100 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Testament of Levi

References

“... A comparison between ALD 12:9–13:13 and TPL 12:6–13:7 reveals the relation between them. TPL is clearly based on ALD, but changes and modifies it. Of special interest is the change from “wisdom” in ALD 13:4–5 to “the law of God” in TPL 13:2–3. This occurs several times in this passage, and arouses some surprise. If TPL is a Christian reworking of Jewish material, it remains difficult to understand why a Christian author/redactor would have replaced “wisdom” with “the law”. In the wisdom poems in Baruch 3:36–4:1 and in ben Sira 24:23 the identification of wisdom with the Torah is a point strongly made, and it is implied in the earlier 11QPsa 18:12–15. ...”
Jonas C. Greenfield, Michael E. Stone, and Esther Eshel, eds., The Aramaic Levi Document: Edition, Translation, Commentary, SVTP 19 (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 204.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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