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Testament of Abraham

About this book
Chapter 4

1 Abraham said to his son Isaac: Go, my beloved son, into the inner room of the house and make it beautiful. Spread out two couches for us there, one for me and one for this man who is with us today. 2 Prepare a seat for us there, and a lampstand, and a table with an abundance of every good thing. Make the room beautiful, my son, and spread out linen and purple and fine linen beneath us. 3 Burn every precious and excellent incense there, and bring sweet-smelling plants from the garden and fill our house with them. Light seven lamps full of oil, so that we may rejoice, for this man who is with us today is more glorious than kings or rulers, and his appearance surpasses that of everyone else. 4 Isaac prepared everything well, and Abraham took the archangel Michael and went into the room. They both sat down on the couches, and between them he placed a table with an abundance of every good thing. 5 Then the chief-captain got up and went out, as if he needed to relieve himself, and he went up to heaven in an instant and stood before the Lord and said to him: Lord and Master, let your power know that I am unable to remind that righteous man of his death, for I have not seen a man like him on the earth, compassionate, hospitable, righteous, truthful, devout, and refraining from every evil deed. 6 So now know, Lord, that I cannot remind him of his death. The Lord said: Go down, chief-captain Michael, to my friend Abraham, and do whatever he tells you, and eat with him whatever he eats. 7 I will send my Holy Spirit on his son Isaac, and I will put the thought of his father's death into Isaac's heart, so that even he may see his father's death in a dream. Isaac will tell the dream, and you will interpret it, and he himself will know his end. The chief-captain said: Lord, all the heavenly spirits are incorporeal, and they neither eat nor drink, yet this man has set a table before me with an abundance of all kinds of earthly and perishable good things. 8 Now, Lord, what am I to do? How can I avoid this, sitting at the same table with him? The Lord said: Go down to him and do not worry about this, for when you sit down with him I will send a devouring spirit on you, and it will consume everything on the table out of your hands and through your mouth. 9 Rejoice with him in everything. Only be sure to interpret the things of the vision well, so that Abraham may know the sickle of death⁠ and the uncertain end of life, and may dispose of all his possessions, for I have blessed him beyond the sand of the sea and like the stars of heaven.

Texts in conversation

Compare Revelation 14:14 and Testament of Abraham 4:9

New Testament · Pseudepigrapha, Testaments

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Summary

Revelation describes the one like a son of man with a sharp sickle to reap the earth. The Testament of Abraham uses the same image for death, a sickle that gathers everyone who comes from Adam and Eve.

Passages

Revelation 14:14

New Testament
13 Then I heard a voice from heaven say, “Write this: ‘Blessed are the dead, those who die in the Lord from this moment on!’” “Yes,” says the Spirit, “so they can rest from their hard work, because their deeds will follow them.” 14 Then I looked, and a white cloud appeared, and seated on the cloud was one like a son of man! He had a golden crown on his head and a sharp sickle in his hand. 15 Then another angel came out of the temple, shouting in a loud voice to the one seated on the cloud, “Use your sickle and start to reap, because the time to reap has come, since the earth’s harvest is ripe!”
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

Testament of Abraham 4:9

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments
8 Now, Lord, what am I to do? How can I avoid this, sitting at the same table with him? The Lord said: Go down to him and do not worry about this, for when you sit down with him I will send a devouring spirit on you, and it will consume everything on the table out of your hands and through your mouth. 9 Rejoice with him in everything. Only be sure to interpret the things of the vision well, so that Abraham may know the sickle of death and the uncertain end of life, and may dispose of all his possessions, for I have blessed him beyond the sand of the sea and like the stars of heaven.
100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Testament of Abraham

References

... A further explanation for the presence of a sickle might be an interpretation as a symbol for death, similar to Testament of Abraham 4:11 [Recension A], where Michael carries a “sickle of death”. The sickle as a symbol for death and destruction might hint at an identification of Christ with the Destroyer as in the Exodus tradition (see section 3.1.2.5. below). Fifth, the description of the one like a son of man as “sitting” can be explained by the assumption of the use of the Joel tradition, because Joel 4 also includes a scenario of judgement. Notably in Joel 4:12 God is judging in the valley of Jehoshaphat while he is “sitting”. Possibly the description of the one like a son of man as “sitting” could additionally express a certain increase of power and therefore represent his enthronement. The sickle can probably be interpreted as a sign representing a certain juridical function of the one like a son of man which becomes rather obvious by the following description of the scenario of the harvest in Apocalypse 14:15-20: The depiction continues to be very reminiscent of Joel 4. ...
Matthias Reinhard Hoffmann, “Angelomorphic Christology and the Book of Revelation” (PhD diss., The University of Durham, 2003), 48–49.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Revelation 14:14 and Testament of Abraham 4:9

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