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Apology

About this book
Chapter 18

But so that we might approach more fully and more forcefully both him and His dispensations and will, he added the provision of writings, for anyone who wishes to inquire about God, and having inquired to find, and having found to believe, and having believed to serve. For from the beginning He sent into the world men worthy, by their righteousness and innocence, to know God and to make Him known, flooded with the divine Spirit, so that they might proclaim that God is one, who created all things, who formed man from the ground (for He is the true Prometheus), who ordered the world with fixed dispensations and ends of the times; and then what signs of His judging majesty he has given through floods and fires; what disciplines he has laid down for winning His favor; what rewards he has appointed for those who ignore and abandon them and for those who keep them; seeing that at the end of this age he will judge His worshipers for the reward of eternal life, and the profane for a fire equally perpetual and unceasing, when all who have died from the beginning have been raised, re-formed, and reviewed for the settling of either desert. These things we too once laughed at. We are from among you. Christians are made, not born. Those whom we have called preachers are called prophets, from their office of foretelling. Their words, and likewise the miracles they performed to win faith in the Godhead, remain in the treasuries of literature, and these are not hidden. The most learned of the Ptolemies, whom they surname Philadelphus, and most skilled in all literature, when in his zeal for libraries he was emulating Pisistratus, I suppose, among other records that antiquity or some curiosity commended to fame, at the suggestion of Demetrius of Phalerum, the most esteemed scholar of the time, to whom he had entrusted the charge, asked the Jews too for their books, their own native literature, which they alone had. For it was from among them and to them that the prophets had always spoken, namely to the household nation of God, by the favor shown to the fathers. Those who are now Jews were formerly Hebrews; hence both the Hebrew literature and speech. But so that knowledge of it would not be lacking, this too was granted to Ptolemy by the Jews: seventy-two translators were provided, whom Menedemus too, the philosopher who championed providence, admired for their agreement in meaning.⁠ Aristeas too has affirmed this to you. So he left these records opened up in the Greek language. Today the libraries of Ptolemy at the Serapeum display them, together with the Hebrew texts themselves. The Jews too read them openly. Their liberty pays a tax; they are visited by the public every Sabbath. Whoever listens will find God; whoever also takes pains to understand will be compelled to believe as well.

Texts in conversation

Compare Letter of Aristeas 201 and Tertullian, Apology 18

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Early Christian

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Summary

In the Letter of Aristeas, the philosopher Menedemus praises the translators. Tertullian's Apology repeats the detail about Menedemus and the seventy-two translators and names Aristeas as its source, which no earlier Christian writer does.

Passages

Letter of Aristeas 201

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
When all had signified by their applause their agreement with the answer, the king said to the philosophers (for many of them were present), 'It is my opinion that these men excel in virtue and possess extraordinary knowledge, since on the spur of the moment they have given fitting answers to these questions which I have put to them, and have all made God the starting-point of their words.' And Menedemus, the philosopher of Eretria, said, 'True, Your Majesty - for since the universe is managed by providence and since we rightly perceive that man is the creation of God, it follows
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Aristeas

Tertullian, Apology 18

Early Christian
Those who are now Jews were formerly Hebrews; hence both the Hebrew literature and speech. But so that knowledge of it would not be lacking, this too was granted to Ptolemy by the Jews: seventy-two translators were provided, whom Menedemus too, the philosopher who championed providence, admired for their agreement in meaning. Aristeas too has affirmed this to you. So he left these records opened up in the Greek language. Today the libraries of Ptolemy at the Serapeum display them, together with the Hebrew texts themselves.
197 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Tertullian, Apology

References

“... In comparison with these early Greek Christian sources, Tertullian alone mentions Aristeas by name, omits the supernatural embellishments, and gives the number of translators as seventy-two. Tertullian’s statement on the Septuagint, found in Apology 18.5–9 (c.200 ce), is as follows: There was a Ptolemaic king, surnamed Philadelphus, who was highly learned and knowledgeable in all literature. This king rivalled Pisistratus, I think, in his devotion to libraries . . . At the suggestion of Demetrius of Phalerum, the most distinguished scholar of his day whom the king had commissioned to oversee the library, King Ptolemy requested books from the Jews also, their own native literature which they alone possessed . . . Seventy-two translators were set apart for this task, men whom Menedemus the philosopher and defender of Providence admired because they agreed with his view. Aristeas also confirms this account for you. As a result of all this, these records as set forth in the Greek language are on display even today at the Serapeum in Ptolemy’s library, together with the Hebrew originals. ...”
Michael Graves, “The Septuagint in the Latin World,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint, ed. Alison Salvesen and T. M. Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021), 606.
“... Irenaeus (c. 130-208) is the first witness to a tradition that King Ptolemy (he thinks it was Ptolemy I) separated 'the seventy' to prevent collusion in suppressing elements of the Law (Against Heresies 3.21.2-3, in Eusebius HE 5.8.11-15). His aim is clearly apologetic; he argues for the superiority of the LXX and its divine authority over against the new Jewish versions. The fact that the seventy translators, working separately, produced identical versions, demonstrates the inspired nature of the LXX by comparison with the individual productions of the Jewish scholars, which are all different. He also emphasizes the skill of the translators. The supreme proof of the efficacy of the miraculous agreement is, however, that even the Gentiles acknowledged its divine inspiration (an indication perhaps that use was made of the legend in missionary contexts). Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-211/216) follows very similar lines, as does Tertullian (c. 160-220). The latter, writing in Latin, is, incidentally, the first Christian author to mention Ep. Arist. by name. ...”
Jennifer M. Dines, The Septuagint (London: T&T Clark, 2004), 76.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Letter of Aristeas 201 and Tertullian, Apology 18

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