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Targum Psalms

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Psalm 80

1 For praise; concerning those who sit in the Sanhedrin who occupy themselves with the testimony of the Torah; composed by Asaph; a psalm. 2 Caretaker of Israel, hear; you who guide the coffin of Joseph like a flock; you whose presence abides between the cherubim, shine forth. 3 Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh, stir up your mighty power for us; and it is right for you to redeem us. 4 O God, bring us back from our exile, and shine the splendor of your countenance upon us, and we will be redeemed. 5 O Lord God Sabaoth, how long have you not accepted the prayer of your people! 6 You fed them bread soaked in tears, and you made them drink the wine of tears in triple measure. 7 You made us a source of contention for our neighbors, and our enemies will jeer at them. 8 God Sabaoth, bring us back from our exile, and shine the splendor of your countenance upon us, and we will be redeemed. 9 The house of Israel, which is likened to a vine, you brought out of Egypt; you chased away the Gentiles from the land of Israel and planted them. 10 You cleared out the Canaanites before them, and you uprooted their roots and filled the land. 11 The mountains of Jerusalem cover the shadow of the temple, and the academies, say the scholars, are strong, which are likened to mighty cedars. 12 You made branches grow, you sent out her pupils to the Great Sea, and her children to the river Euphrates. 13 Why have you attacked her walls? and [now] all those who pass on the way are pruning her. 14 The boar from the forest will root her up, and the wild cock will be sustained by her. 15 God Sabaoth, turn now, look from heaven, and see, and remember this vine in mercy. 16 And the branch that your right hand planted, and the King Messiah whom you made mighty for yourself.⁠ 17 [It is] being burned by fire and crushed; they will perish because of the rebuke that [comes] from your presence. 18 Let your hand be on the man to whom you have sworn with your right hand, on the son of man whom you made mighty for yourself. 19 We will not turn away from the fear of you; you will sustain us and we will call on your name. 20 O Lord God Sabaoth, bring us back from exile; shine the splendor of your countenance upon us and we will be redeemed.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 80:15 and Targum Psalm 80:16

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Psalm 80 refers to the shoot planted by God’s right hand, likely meaning Israel itself, while the Aramaic translation in the Targum identifies this figure as the messiah, connecting it to the “Son of Man” language in Daniel 7.

Passages

Psalm 80:15

Hebrew Bible
13 The wild boars of the forest ruin it; the insects of the field feed on it. 14 O God of Heaven’s Armies, come back. Look down from heaven and take notice. Take care of this vine, 15 the root your right hand planted, the shoot you made to grow. 16 It is burned and cut down. May those who did this die because you are displeased with them. 17 May you give support to the one you have chosen, to the one whom you raised up for yourself.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Targum Psalm 80:16

Targum
14 The boar from the forest will root her up, and the wild cock will be sustained by her. 15 God Sabaoth, turn now, look from heaven, and see, and remember this vine in mercy. 16 And the branch that your right hand planted, and the King Messiah whom you made mighty for yourself. 17 [It is] being burned by fire and crushed; they will perish because of the rebuke that [comes] from your presence. 18 Let your hand be on the man to whom you have sworn with your right hand, on the son of man whom you made mighty for yourself.
200–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Targum Psalms

References

"... The use of υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου of verses 16 and 18 may reflect a desire to harmonize the text by aligning the verses and adding solemnity to the phrase. This may explain why the Targum used מלכא משיחא in verse 16; it was a way of intentionally making Messiah and Son of Man synonymous. Similarly, the Aramaic Daniel 7:13 בַר אֱנָשׁ was rendered in the LXX as υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, meaning the Psalm 79 LXX translator may have been influenced by Daniel 7:13 LXX, demonstrating a relationship between these texts pre—New Testament. However, this is doubtful considering the date of Daniel’s composition in the second century BCE and the date of the Psalter’s translation in the second century BCE ..."
Chad Daniel Venters, “Exploring Psalm 80 as a Source for Matthew 25:31–46” (PhD diss., Middlesex University, 2018), 138.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 80:15 and Targum Psalm 80:16

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