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Targum Psalms

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Psalm 118

1 Sing praise in the presence of the Lord, for he is good, for his goodness is forever. 2 Let Israel now say, “For his goodness is forever.” 3 Let the house of Aaron now say, “For his goodness is forever.” 4 Let those who fear the Lord now say, “For his goodness is forever.” 5 Out of distress I called to Yah, Yah accepted my prayer in a broad place. 6 The word of the Lord is my help, I will not fear, what will a son of man do to me? 7 The word of the Lord is helping me, and I will behold vengeance on my foes. 8 It is better to trust in the word of the Lord than to rely on a son of man. 9 It is better to trust in the word of the Lord than to rely on rulers. 10 All the Gentiles have surrounded me; in the name of the word of the Lord I have put my trust, for I will tear them apart. 11 They have encompassed me, indeed, surrounded me; in the name of the word of the Lord I have put my trust, for I will tear them apart. 12 They have encompassed me like hornets; they burned like fire in thorns; in the name of the word of the Lord I have put my trust, for I will tear them apart. 13 But you have knocked me down to make me fall; and the word of the Lord has given me help. 14 My strength and my praise are fearful against all the world; the Lord gave command by his word, and has become my redeemer. 15 The sound of praise and redemption is in the tents of the righteous; the right hand of the Lord has done mightily. 16 The right hand of the Lord is exalted; the right hand of the Lord has done mightily. 17 I will not die, for I will live, and I will tell of the deeds of God. 18 Truly has Yah punished me, but he did not hand me over to death. 19 Open to me the entrances of the city of righteousness; I will enter them, I will praise Yah. 20 This is the entrance of the sanctuary of the Lord; the righteous will enter by it. 21 I will give thanks in your presence, for you have received my prayer, and become for me a redeemer. 22 The child the builders abandoned was among the sons of Jesse; and he was worthy to be appointed king and ruler.⁠ 23 “This has come from the presence of the Lord,” said the builders; “it is wonderful before us,” said the sons of Jesse. 24 “This day the Lord has made,” said the builders; “let us rejoice and be glad in it,” said the sons of Jesse. 25 “If it please you, O Lord, redeem us now,” said the builders; “if it please you, O Lord, prosper us now,” said Jesse and his wife. 26 “Blessed is he who comes in the name of the word of the Lord,” said the builders; “they will bless you from the sanctuary of the Lord,” said David. 27 “God, the Lord, has given us light,” said the tribes of the house of Judah; “bind the child for a festal sacrifice with chains until you sacrifice him, and sprinkle his blood on the horns of the altar,” said Samuel the prophet. 28 “You are my God, and I will give thanks in your presence; my God, I will praise you,” said David. 29 Samuel answered and said, “Sing praise, assembly of Israel, give thanks in the presence of the Lord, for he is good, for his goodness is everlasting.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Mark 11:9 and Targum Psalm 118:22

New Testament · Targum

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Summary

Mark’s story of Jesus entering Jerusalem may reflect an Aramaic tradition later seen in the Targum of Psalm 118, which shows David being rejected then welcomed. In that, a blessing is given to a Davidic figure, matching the crowd’s blessing in Mark.

Passages

Mark 11:9

New Testament
5 Some people standing there said to them, “What are you doing, untying that colt?” 6 They replied as Jesus had told them, and the bystanders let them go. 7 Then they brought the colt to Jesus, threw their cloaks on it, and he sat on it. 8 Many spread their cloaks on the road and others spread branches they had cut in the fields. 9 Both those who went ahead and those who followed kept shouting, “Hosanna! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord! 10 Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David! Hosanna in the highest!” 11 Then Jesus entered Jerusalem and went to the temple. And after looking around at everything, he went out to Bethany with the Twelve since it was already late.
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

Targum Psalm 118:22

Targum
22 The child the builders abandoned was among the sons of Jesse; and he was worthy to be appointed king and ruler. 23 “This has come from the presence of the Lord,” said the builders; “it is wonderful before us,” said the sons of Jesse. 24 “This day the Lord has made,” said the builders; “let us rejoice and be glad in it,” said the sons of Jesse. 25 “If it please you, O Lord, redeem us now,” said the builders; “if it please you, O Lord, prosper us now,” said Jesse and his wife. 26 “Blessed is he who comes in the name of the word of the Lord,” said the builders; “they will bless you from the sanctuary of the Lord,” said David. 27 “God, the Lord, has given us light,” said the tribes of the house of Judah; “bind the child for a festal sacrifice with chains until you sacrifice him, and sprinkle his blood on the horns of the altar,” said Samuel the prophet. 28 “You are my God, and I will give thanks in your presence; my God, I will praise you,” said David.
200–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Targum Psalms

References

"... The appeal of the crowd to Psalm 118:25-26 during Jesus' entrance into the city of Jerusalem, on his way to the temple precincts (Mark 11:9-10), and Jesus' appeal to Psalm 118:22-23 at the conclusion of his parable of the Wicked Vineyard Tenants (Mark 12:10-11) almost certainly reflect Psalm 118:19-27 in the Aramaic. In the Targum this part of the psalm recounts the story of David's initial rejection and later acceptance by Samuel the priest and his colleagues (compare verses 22, 28: 'the boy that the builders abandoned was among the sons of Jesse; and he was worthy to be appointed king and ruler ... I will praise you,' said David'). The Davidic orientation of this psalm not only explains why Psalm 118:22-23 was chosen as the scriptural conclusion to a parable about a rejected son; it also clarifies the language of the crowd, which shouted, 'Blessed is the coming kingdom of our ancestor David! Hosanna in the highest heaven!' (Mark 11:10). There is no reference to David in the Hebrew or in the Greek; it is only in the Aramaic ..."
Craig A. Evans, Ancient Texts for New Testament Studies: A Guide to the Background Literature (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2005), 213.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Mark 11:9 and Targum Psalm 118:22

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