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Tanchuma Noach

Midrash

About this book
Chapter 12

Similarly, Isaac told Jacob: Arise! Go to Padan-aram, to seek a wife proper for him. He did not wish him to be like the men of the generation of the flood, who wallowed in unchastity and indulged in sexual intercourse with species other than their own. Observe what is written concerning them: The sons of God saw the daughters of men … and took them wives, whomsoever they chose. That was the reason they were obliterated from the earth. The animals, likewise, copulated with species other than their own: the horse with the ass, the ass with the horse, and the serpent with the bird, as it is said: And God saw the earth, and behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted their way upon the earth.⁠ Notice that Scripture does not say in this verse “all man” but all flesh. Therefore, He blotted out every living substance which was upon the face of the ground, both man and cattle. No being that had copulated with a species other than its own entered the ark, as it is said: From all the pure cattle. Because the ark could harbor only pure beings, they came from among those alone, as it is said: Two and two unto Noah.

Texts in conversation

Compare Jubilees 5:2 and Tanchuma Noach 12

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Rabbinic

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Summary

Rabbinic tradition in Tanchuma Noach follows the book of Jubilees and expands the scale of pre-flood corruption to also include animals, birds, and other creatures to provide justification for why the flood affected the entire earth.

Passages

Jubilees 5:2

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
1 And when the human beings began to multiply on the face of the earth and daughters were born to them, the angels of God saw them in a certain year of this jubilee, that they were beautiful to look at; and they married whichever women they chose, and they bore them sons and they were giants. 2 And lawlessness increased on the earth and all flesh corrupted its way, alike men and cattle and wild animals and birds and everything that walks on the earth — all of them corrupted their ways and their proper order, and they began to devour each other, and lawlessness increased on the earth and everything all people imagined and thought (was) thus evil continually. 3 And God looked at the earth, and it was corrupt, and all flesh had corrupted its orders, and all that were upon the earth had done every kind of evil before His eyes.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

Tanchuma Noach 12

Rabbinic · Midrash
Similarly, Isaac told Jacob: Arise! Go to Padan-aram, to seek a wife proper for him. He did not wish him to be like the men of the generation of the flood, who wallowed in unchastity and indulged in sexual intercourse with species other than their own. Observe what is written concerning them: The sons of God saw the daughters of men … and took them wives, whomsoever they chose. That was the reason they were obliterated from the earth. The animals, likewise, copulated with species other than their own: the horse with the ass, the ass with the horse, and the serpent with the bird, as it is said: And God saw the earth, and behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted their way upon the earth. Notice that Scripture does not say in this verse “all man” but all flesh. Therefore, He blotted out every living substance which was upon the face of the ground, both man and cattle. No being that had copulated with a species other than its own entered the ark, as it is said: From all the pure cattle. Because the ark could harbor only pure beings, they came from among those alone, as it is said: Two and two unto Noah.
500–800 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Tanchuma Noach

References

"... Many interpreters were troubled by the fact that the flood killed animal life as well as people. That people were somehow guilty might be figured out from the mention of the 'daughters of men' as well as the crimes with which the earth was filled. But what did the animals do wrong? Perhaps they were merely guilty by association ... Some, however, felt that the destruction of the animals in the flood must have been deserved. It seemed only reasonable to suppose that they had somehow participated in the corruption that had previously filled the earth ..."
James L. Kugel, The Bible as It Was (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 117–118.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jubilees 5:2 and Tanchuma Noach 12

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