Go to Related Reading
About this book

Surpu

Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations

About this book
Chapter 5

An evil curse like a gallû-demon has come upon this man. Dumbness and daze have come upon him. An unwholesome dumbness has come upon him. Evil curse, oath, headache. An evil curse has slaughtered this man like a sheep. His god left his body. His goddess, usually full of concern for him, has stepped aside. Dumbness and daze have covered him like a cloak and overwhelm him incessantly. Marduk noticed him. He went into the house to his father Ea and cried out: Father, an evil curse like a gallû-demon has come upon this man. He repeated this to him a second time and said: I do not know what to do, what would quiet him. Ea answered his son Marduk: My son, what is it you do not know? What more could I give to you? Marduk, what is it you do not know? What could I give you in addition? Whatever I know, you know too. Go, my son Marduk. Take him to the pure house of ablutions. Undo his oath, release his oath. That the disturbing evil of his body, Be it the curse of his father, Be it the curse of his mother, Be it the curse of his elder brother, Be it the curse of a bloodshed unknown to him, By pronouncing the charm of Ea the oath May be peeled off like this onion,⁠ Stripped off like these dates, Unraveled like this matting. Oath, be adjured by the name of heaven, Be adjured by the name of earth. Like this onion he peels and throws into the fire, The fire consumes it entirely, Which will not be grown in a plant-bed, Which will not be close to a ditchbank or canal, Whose roots will not take hold in the soil, Whose shoot will not sprout and will not see the sun, That will not be used for the meal of god or king. Invocation, oath, retaliation, questioning, The pain of my hardship, sin, transgression, crime, error, The sickness that is in my body, my flesh, my veins, May be peeled off like this onion, May the fire consume it entirely today, May the oath leave so that I may see the light. As these dates are stripped off and thrown into the fire, The fire consumes it entirely, Which will not return to the plucked cluster, Will not be used for the meal of god or king. Invocation, oath, retaliation, questioning, The pain of my hardship, sin, transgression, crime, error, The sickness that is in my body, my flesh, my veins, May be stripped off like these dates, May the fire consume it entirely today, May the oath leave so that I may see the light. As this matting is unraveled and thrown into the fire, The fire consumes it entirely, The fibres it is made of will not return to the date-palm, Which will not be fit for a proper use. Invocation, oath, retaliation, questioning, The pain of my hardship, sin, transgression, crime, error, The sickness that is in my body, my flesh, my veins, May be unraveled like this matting, May the fire consume it entirely today, May the oath leave so that I may see the light. As this flock of wool is plucked apart and thrown into the fire, The fire consumes it entirely, Which will not return onto its sheep, Will not be used for the clothing of god or king. Invocation, oath, retaliation, questioning, The pain of my hardship, sin, transgression, crime, error, The sickness that is in my body, my flesh, my veins, May be plucked out like this flock of wool, May the fire consume it entirely today, May the oath leave so that I may see the light. As this goats’ hair is plucked apart and thrown into the fire, The fire consumes it entirely, Which will not return onto its goat, Which will not be fit for a proper use. Invocation, oath, retaliation, questioning, The pain of my hardship, sin, transgression, crime, error, The sickness that is in my body, my flesh, my veins, May be plucked out like this goats’ hair, May the fire consume it entirely today, May the oath leave so that I may see the light. As this red wool is plucked apart and thrown into the fire, The fire consumes it entirely, Which the weaver will not weave into a colored garment, Which will not be used for the clothing of god or king. Invocation, oath, retaliation, questioning, The pain of my hardship, sin, transgression, crime, error, The sickness that is in my body, my flesh, my veins, May be plucked out like this red wool, May the fire consume it entirely today, May the oath leave so that I may see the light. My hands are filled with grains of flour. My hands are filled with fever, scab, labāšu-disease. My hands are filled with invocation and oath. My hands are filled with retaliation and questioning. My hands are filled with the pain of hardship, sin, transgression, crime, error. My hands are filled with unhappiness and illness. My hands are filled with sorcery, spittle, dirt, evil machinations of men. Like this grain of flour which is burnt in the fire, Which the farmer will not sow in the field, Which will not be close to a ditchbank or canal, Whose roots will not take hold in the soil, Whose shoot will not sprout and will not see the sun, Thus may its oath not be begotten within me. May its roots not take hold in my spine. May its shoot not affect the heaven of my heart. Invocation, oath, retaliation, questioning, The pain of my hardship, sin, transgression, crime, error, The sickness that is in my body, my flesh, my veins, May be burnt like this grain of flour, May the fire consume it entirely today, May the oath leave so that I may see the light. Utu took the thread into her hand. Ištar made the thread of Utu ready. She made the skillful woman sit down to spin it. She spun with a spindle white wool, black wool, a double thread, A mighty thread, a great thread, a multicolored thread, a thread that cuts the oath, Against the words of bad portent, an oath caused by men, Against the curses of the gods, A thread that cuts the oath. She tied the head, the hands, the feet of this man, So that Marduk, son of Eridu, the prince, could rip it off with his pure hands. May he remove the thread representing the oath into the field, the pure place. May the evil oath step aside. May this man be purified, cleaned. May he be entrusted into the propitious hands of his god. Conjuration to undo the oath. I am a purification-priest. I kindled a fire. I kindled the stove. I threw in the magic ingredients. I am the purified, the clean priest of Ea, the messenger of Marduk. I am banking the stove I kindled. I am extinguishing the fire I lit. I am smothering the grain I poured out. Just as I bank the stove I kindled, As I extinguish the fire I lit, As I smother the grain I poured out, So may Sīrīs, releaser of god and man, loosen the knot she tied. May the angry heart of the god and goddess of NN, son of NN, be pacified toward him. May his sin be poured out today. May it be wiped off him, be released for him. Calm down, oh fierce Girru. Let the mountains and the rivers calm down with you. Let the Tigris and the Euphrates calm down with you. Let the ocean, the wide sea, calm down with you. Also the road, daughter of the great gods. Also the weed sprung up in the grass. Also the heart of my angry god and goddess. Also the heart of the angry god and goddess of my city. Today may the angry heart of my god and goddess be pacified, And the oath removed from my body. Because you are the judge, I stand before you, And because you are beneficent, I turn constantly to you. Judge my cause, decide my decision. The dimītu-disease had come out from the midst of the Apsû.

Texts in conversation

Compare Surpu V and 2 Kings 6:6

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

In 2 Kings, Elisha throws wood into the water, causing an axe head to floats a sunken ax head to float through sympathetic magic. In Šurpu, a priest peels an onion so a man’s guilt peels off with it, following the same logic.

Passages

Surpu V

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations
By pronouncing the charm of Ea the oath May be peeled off like this onion, Stripped off like these dates, Unraveled like this matting. Oath, be adjured by the name of heaven,
1200 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Surpu

2 Kings 6:6

Hebrew Bible
5 As one of them was felling a tree, the ax head dropped into the water. He shouted, “Oh no, my master! It was borrowed!” 6 The prophet asked, “Where did it drop in?” When he showed him the spot, Elisha cut off a branch, threw it in at that spot, and made the ax head float. 7 He said, “Lift it out.” So he reached out his hand and grabbed it.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Kings

References

... Another possible example of imitative magic may be found in 2 Kings 6:1-7 where the sons of the prophets felt that their dwelling was too small. They went to Elisha to ask permission to go to the Jordan to get logs to make a place for them to dwell there. While they were busy cutting down the trees, an axe borrowed from another person fell into the river. Elisha came to their rescue. He asked: “Where did it fall?” When he was shown the place, he cut off a stick, and threw it in the river and made the iron float. Here one can consider the act as an example of imitative magic. An example of imitative magic also occurs in 2 Kings 4:38-41 and is performed by Elisha. A pottage is being brewed by the prophet’s followers, and one of them goes out to gather herbs. Among the herbs gathered, there happens to be a poisonous one. This soon becomes apparent when the company begins to partake of the pottage, but Elisha calls for some meal and casts it into the brew. The immediate effect of which is to make the poison innocuous. In Oesterly’s opinion the wood floats, the iron imitates it; the meal is harmless therefore the poisonous herb will become harmless (Oesterley 1933:89). ...
Gwendolene Caren Liedeman, “Magic in the Ancient Near East with Special Reference to Ancient Israel” (MA diss., University of Stellenbosch, 2002), 51–52.
... How can semolina effect purgation when it contains no blood, the ritual detergent of the purification offering (chapter 4, COMMENT B)? It may be no accident that in ancient Mesopotamia flour was indeed used in the kuppuru rituals (Geller 1980: 190-91). In the Šurpu ritual from Assur, the priest wipes off (ukappar) the patient with flour, which he throws into the fire, afterward sprinkling the patient with water. The priest then performs various acts of sympathetic magic, such as peeling an onion and ripping apart dates, matting, and wool, which are thrown into the fire; finally, the patient wipes himself off (ukappar; probably with the flour) and then throws it into the fire (Reiner 1958: II, lines 11-23). As will be explained (chapter 16, COMMENT F), the Semitic root kpr means “rub, wipe” and the pagans, as exemplified by the Šurpu ritual, above, literally wiped the magical detergent upon the body of the patient. The detergent purportedly absorbed his illness or impurity, necessitating its destruction (for example, in the fire, as above). ...
Jacob Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (New York: Doubleday, 1991), 306.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Surpu V and 2 Kings 6:6

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library