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Song of Solomon

Song of Songs

About this book
Chapter 5

1 The Lover to His Beloved: I have entered my garden, O my sister, my bride; I have gathered my myrrh with my balsam spice. I have eaten my honeycomb and my honey; I have drunk my wine and my milk! The Poet to the Couple: Eat, friends, and drink! Drink freely, O lovers!⁠ 2 The Beloved about Her Lover: I was asleep, but my mind was dreaming. Listen! My lover is knocking at the door! The Lover to His Beloved:⁠ “Open for me, my sister, my darling, my dove, my flawless one! My head is drenched with dew, my hair with the dampness of the night.” 3 The Beloved to Her Lover: “I have already taken off my robe—must I put it on again? I have already washed my feet—must I soil them again?” 4 My lover thrust his hand through the hole, and my feelings were stirred for him. 5 I arose to open for my beloved; my hands dripped with myrrh—my fingers flowed with myrrh on the handles of the lock. 6 I opened for my beloved, but my lover had already turned and gone away. I fell into despair when he departed. I looked for him but did not find him; I called him, but he did not answer me. 7 The watchmen found me as they made their rounds in the city. They beat me; they bruised me; they took away my cloak, those watchmen on the walls! 8 The Beloved to the Maidens: I admonish you, O maidens of Jerusalem—If you find my beloved, what will you tell him? Tell him that I am lovesick! 9 The Maidens to The Beloved: Why is your beloved better than others, O most beautiful of women? Why is your beloved better than others, that you would admonish us in this manner? 10 The Beloved to the Maidens: My beloved is dazzling and ruddy; he stands out in comparison to all other men. 11 His head is like the purest gold. His hair is curly—black like a raven. 12 His eyes are like doves by streams of water, washed in milk, mounted like jewels. 13 His cheeks are like garden beds full of balsam trees yielding perfume. His lips are like lilies dripping with drops of myrrh. 14 His arms are like rods of gold set with chrysolite. His abdomen is like polished ivory inlaid with sapphires. 15 His legs are like pillars of marble set on bases of pure gold. His appearance is like Lebanon, choice as its cedars. 16 His mouth is very sweet; he is totally desirable. This is my beloved! This is my companion, O maidens of Jerusalem!

Texts in conversation

Compare Song of Solomon 5:2 and Revelation 3:20

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation’s image of Jesus knocking recalls Song of Songs, where a visitor asks to be let in. In the Song, the delay ends in loss, but Revelation incorporates the image without the disappointment, turning it into an open offer of hospitality.

Passages

Song of Solomon 5:2

Hebrew Bible · Song of Songs
1 The Lover to His Beloved: I have entered my garden, O my sister, my bride; I have gathered my myrrh with my balsam spice. I have eaten my honeycomb and my honey; I have drunk my wine and my milk! The Poet to the Couple: Eat, friends, and drink! Drink freely, O lovers! 2 The Beloved about Her Lover: I was asleep, but my mind was dreaming. Listen! My lover is knocking at the door! The Lover to His Beloved: “Open for me, my sister, my darling, my dove, my flawless one! My head is drenched with dew, my hair with the dampness of the night.”
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Song of Solomon

Revelation 3:20

New Testament
19 All those I love, I rebuke and discipline. So be earnest and repent! 20 Listen! I am standing at the door and knocking! If anyone hears my voice and opens the door I will come into his home and share a meal with him, and he with me. 21 I will grant the one who conquers permission to sit with me on my throne, just as I, too, conquered and sat down with my Father on his throne.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... The imagery in the first part of Revelation 3:20 is widely thought to be dependent on Song of Songs 5:2, which has the two motifs of knocking for admission (on an implied closed door) and an appeal to the one within to open the door for the visitor ... When the beloved opens the door, however, the knocking suitor is nowhere to be found, even after a fruitless and dangerous outdoor search (verses 6–7), suggesting that the beloved had dreamed the whole episode (made explicit in the opening phrase “I sleep, but my heart is awake”). If this passage is the source of the imagery in Revelation 3:20, then the unhappy outcome has been passed over in silence: when the door was opened, no one was there. Judaism transformed the originally erotic poetry of the song of songs for inclusion in the biblical canon by interpreting the entire poem as an allegory of the love of God for Israel (b. Avodah Zarah 29a). Early Christians tended to read the song of songs analogously, probably influenced by Jewish exegesis ..."
David E. Aune, “The Polyvalent Imagery of Rev 3:20 in the Light of Greco-Egyptian Divination Texts,” in Greco-Roman Culture and the New Testament: Studies Commemorating the Centennial of the Pontifical Biblical Institute, ed. David E. Aune and Frederick E. Brenk, NovTSup 143 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 167–183.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Song of Solomon 5:2 and Revelation 3:20

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