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Song of Solomon

Song of Songs

About this book
Chapter 4

1 The Lover to His Beloved: Oh, you are beautiful, my darling! Oh, you are beautiful! Your eyes behind your veil are like doves. Your hair is like a flock of female goats descending from Mount Gilead.⁠ 2 Your teeth are like a flock of newly shorn sheep coming up from the washing place; each of them has a twin, and not one of them is missing. 3 Your lips are like a scarlet thread; your mouth is lovely. Your forehead behind your veil is like a slice of pomegranate. 4 Your neck is like the tower of David built with courses of stones; one thousand shields are hung on it—all shields of valiant warriors. 5 Your two breasts are like two fawns, twins of the gazelle grazing among the lilies. 6 Until the dawn arrives and the shadows flee, I will go up to the mountain of myrrh and to the hill of frankincense.⁠ 7 You are altogether beautiful, my darling! There is no blemish in you! 8 Come with me from Lebanon, my bride; come with me from Lebanon. Descend from the crest of Amana,⁠ from the top of Senir, the summit of Hermon, from the lions’ dens and the mountain haunts of the leopards. 9 You have stolen my heart, my sister, my bride!⁠ You have stolen my heart with one glance of your eyes, with one jewel of your necklace. 10 How delightful is your love, my sister, my bride! How much better is your love than wine; the fragrance of your perfume is better than any spice! 11 Your lips drip sweetness like the honeycomb, my bride; honey and milk are under your tongue.⁠ The fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon. 12 The Lover to His Beloved: You are a locked garden, my sister, my bride; you are an enclosed spring, a sealed-up fountain. 13 Your shoots are a royal garden full of pomegranates with choice fruits:⁠ henna with nard,⁠ 14 nard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon⁠ with every kind of spice, myrrh and aloes with all the finest spices. 15 You are a garden spring, a well of fresh water⁠ flowing down from Lebanon. 16 The Beloved to Her Lover: Awake, O north wind; come, O south wind! Blow on my garden so that its fragrant spices may send out their sweet smell.⁠ May my beloved come into his garden and eat its delightful fruit!

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 7:4 and Song of Solomon 4:9

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs and Song of Solomon use the phrase “my sister,” based on ancient Near Eastern love poetry where lovers called each other siblings to express affection and loyalty. Proverbs describes love of wisdom, while Song of Solomon uses it romantically.

Passages

Proverbs 7:4

Hebrew Bible
2 Keep my commands so that you may live, and obey my instruction as your most prized possession. 3 Bind them on your forearm; write them on the tablet of your heart. 4 Say to wisdom, “You are my sister,” and call understanding a close relative 5 so that they may keep you from the adulterous woman, from the loose woman who has flattered you with her words. 6 For at the window of my house through my window lattice I looked out,
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Song of Solomon 4:9

Hebrew Bible · Song of Songs
7 You are altogether beautiful, my darling! There is no blemish in you! 8 Come with me from Lebanon, my bride; come with me from Lebanon. Descend from the crest of Amana, from the top of Senir, the summit of Hermon, from the lions’ dens and the mountain haunts of the leopards. 9 You have stolen my heart, my sister, my bride! You have stolen my heart with one glance of your eyes, with one jewel of your necklace. 10 How delightful is your love, my sister, my bride! How much better is your love than wine; the fragrance of your perfume is better than any spice! 11 Your lips drip sweetness like the honeycomb, my bride; honey and milk are under your tongue. The fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Song of Solomon

References

"... The formulaic address in the lament for the dead should also be understood similarly (1 Kings 13:30, “Alas, my brother!”; Jeremiah 22:18, “Alas my brother, alas my sister!”; 2 Samuel 1:26 is probably influenced by this usage: “I am sorrowful for you, my brother Jonathan”. “My sister (bride)” occurs as a tender metaphor for the beloved (in Song of Solomon otherwise named “friend”) in Song of Solomon 4:9, 12; 5:1, as in love poetry and in Ugaritic (KTU 1.18.I.24, Anat to Aqhat: “You are my brother, I am your sister”). Compare further Proverbs 7:4, “Say to wisdom: you are my sister,” of personified wisdom ..."
Ernst Jenni and Claus Westermann, Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, trans. Mark E. Biddle (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1997), 144.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 7:4 and Song of Solomon 4:9

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