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Song of Solomon

Song of Songs

About this book
Chapter 3

1 The Beloved about Her Lover: All night long on my bed I longed for my lover.⁠ I longed for him, but he never appeared.⁠ 2 “I will arise and look all around throughout the town, and throughout the streets and squares; I will search for my beloved.” I searched for him, but I did not find him.⁠ 3 The night watchmen found me—the ones who guard the city walls. “Have you seen my beloved?” 4 Scarcely had I passed them by when I found my beloved! I held onto him tightly and would not let him go until I brought him to my mother’s house, to the bedroom chamber of the one who conceived me. 5 The Beloved to the Maidens: I admonish you, O maidens of Jerusalem, by the gazelles and by the young does of the open fields: “Do not awaken or arouse love until it pleases!” 6 The Speaker: Who is this coming up from the wilderness like a column of smoke, like a fragrant billow of myrrh and frankincense, every kind of fragrant powder of the traveling merchants? 7 Look! It is Solomon’s portable couch! It is surrounded by sixty warriors, some of Israel’s mightiest warriors. 8 All of them are skilled with a sword, well trained in the art of warfare. Each has his sword at his side, to guard against the terrors of the night.⁠ 9 King Solomon made a sedan chair for himself of wood imported from Lebanon. 10 Its posts were made of silver; its back was made of gold. Its seat was upholstered with purple wool; its interior was inlaid with leather by the maidens of Jerusalem. 11 Come out, O maidens of Zion, and gaze upon King Solomon! He is wearing the crown with which his mother crowned him on his wedding day, on the most joyous day of his life!

Texts in conversation

Compare Song of Solomon 3:8 and Tobit 3:8

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Tobit introduces the demon Asmodeus, who in Jewish tradition was thought to kill a bride’s husband on their wedding night. This is based on earlier traditions such as the Song of Solomon, which describes Solomon’s bed guarded against night terrors.

Passages

Song of Solomon 3:8

Hebrew Bible · Song of Songs
7 Look! It is Solomon’s portable couch! It is surrounded by sixty warriors, some of Israel’s mightiest warriors. 8 All of them are skilled with a sword, well trained in the art of warfare. Each has his sword at his side, to guard against the terrors of the night. 9 King Solomon made a sedan chair for himself of wood imported from Lebanon. 10 Its posts were made of silver; its back was made of gold. Its seat was upholstered with purple wool; its interior was inlaid with leather by the maidens of Jerusalem.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Song of Solomon

Tobit 3:8

Deuterocanon
7 On this day it happened to Sarah the daughter of Raguel who was in Ecbatana of Media, that she also heard reproaches by one of her father’s maidservants; 8 because that she had been given to seven husbands, and Asmodaeus the evil demon had slain them, before they had been with her as it is appointed for women. And the maidservant said to her, It is you that slay your husbands; behold you have already been given to seven husbands, and you have not been named of one of them. 9 Why do you scourge us on account of your husbands because they have died? Go your -o ways with them and let us see neither son nor daughter of yours for ever.
225–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Tobit

References

"... There are widespread reports from people in the Middle East that on the first wedding night they believed a demon would threaten the married couple. In the apocryphal book Tobit that devil was identified as Asmodaeus (Tobit 3:8). In the Song of Songs we read that ‘sixty of Israel’s picked warriors’ stood round Solomon’s bed ..."
Marten Stol, Women in the Ancient Near East, trans. Helen and Mervyn Richardson (Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2016), 96–97.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Song of Solomon 3:8 and Tobit 3:8

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