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Song of Solomon

Song of Songs

About this book
Chapter 3

1 The Beloved about Her Lover: All night long on my bed I longed for my lover.⁠ I longed for him, but he never appeared.⁠ 2 “I will arise and look all around throughout the town, and throughout the streets and squares; I will search for my beloved.” I searched for him, but I did not find him.⁠ 3 The night watchmen found me—the ones who guard the city walls. “Have you seen my beloved?” 4 Scarcely had I passed them by when I found my beloved! I held onto him tightly and would not let him go until I brought him to my mother’s house, to the bedroom chamber of the one who conceived me. 5 The Beloved to the Maidens: I admonish you, O maidens of Jerusalem, by the gazelles and by the young does of the open fields: “Do not awaken or arouse love until it pleases!” 6 The Speaker: Who is this coming up from the wilderness like a column of smoke, like a fragrant billow of myrrh and frankincense, every kind of fragrant powder of the traveling merchants? 7 Look! It is Solomon’s portable couch! It is surrounded by sixty warriors, some of Israel’s mightiest warriors. 8 All of them are skilled with a sword, well trained in the art of warfare. Each has his sword at his side, to guard against the terrors of the night.⁠ 9 King Solomon made a sedan chair for himself of wood imported from Lebanon. 10 Its posts were made of silver; its back was made of gold. Its seat was upholstered with purple wool; its interior was inlaid with leather by the maidens of Jerusalem. 11 Come out, O maidens of Zion, and gaze upon King Solomon! He is wearing the crown with which his mother crowned him on his wedding day, on the most joyous day of his life!

Texts in conversation

Compare Song of Solomon 3:1 and John 20:15

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In the Song of Solomon, a woman searches the city at night for her beloved, finds him, and holds him fast. The gospel of John echoes this searching as Mary Magdalene comes to the garden tomb seeking Jesus, finds him, and is told not to hold onto him.

Passages

Song of Solomon 3:1

Hebrew Bible · Song of Songs
1 The Beloved about Her Lover: All night long on my bed I longed for my lover. I longed for him, but he never appeared. 2 “I will arise and look all around throughout the town, and throughout the streets and squares; I will search for my beloved.” I searched for him, but I did not find him. 3 The night watchmen found me—the ones who guard the city walls. “Have you seen my beloved?” 4 Scarcely had I passed them by when I found my beloved! I held onto him tightly and would not let him go until I brought him to my mother’s house, to the bedroom chamber of the one who conceived me. 5 The Beloved to the Maidens: I admonish you, O maidens of Jerusalem, by the gazelles and by the young does of the open fields: “Do not awaken or arouse love until it pleases!”
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Song of Solomon

John 20:15

New Testament
11 But Mary stood outside the tomb weeping. As she wept, she bent down and looked into the tomb. 12 And she saw two angels in white sitting where Jesus’ body had been lying, one at the head and one at the feet. 13 They said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping?” Mary replied, “They have taken my Lord away, and I do not know where they have put him!” 14 When she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not know that it was Jesus. 15 Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Who are you looking for?” Because she thought he was the gardener, she said to him, “Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have put him, and I will take him.” 16 Jesus said to her, “Mary.” She turned and said to him in Aramaic, “Rabboni” (which means “Teacher”). 17 Jesus replied, “Do not touch me, for I have not yet ascended to my Father. Go to my brothers and tell them, ‘I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.’”
90–110 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in John

References

"... In the Song of Songs, the garden is identified with the body and person of the female lover. Mary's search for the body of Jesus echoes the search of the lover for the beloved in Song of Songs 3:1–4. This passage depicts the woman searching for the one whom her soul loves but not finding him, calling him but receiving no answer. She asks the sentinels of the city, “Have you seen him whom my soul loves?” She then finds him, holds him, and declares that she will not let him go until she brings him into her mother's house. The verb “to seek” appears four times in these verses. Other parallels between the Song of Songs and John 20 include the use of the verb parakypto to mean “peering in” (John 20:5; Song of Solomon 2:9) and the emphasis on spices associated with both gardens (John 19:39 and Song of Solomon 1:12; 3:6; 4:6, 10; 5:1, 13). These parallels suggest that Mary Magdalene symbolizes the beloved in the Song of Songs, the spouse of the New Covenant that is mediated by Jesus in his glorification, and the representative figure of the New Israel which emerges from the new creation ..."
Adele Reinhartz, Befriending the Beloved Disciple: A Jewish Reading of the Gospel of John (New York: Continuum, 2001), 108.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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