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About this book

Song of Solomon

Song of Songs

About this book
Chapter 1

1 Solomon’s Most Excellent Love Song. 2 The Beloved to Her Lover: Oh, how I wish you would kiss me passionately!⁠ For your lovemaking is more delightful than wine.⁠ 3 The fragrance of your colognes is delightful; your name is like the finest perfume. No wonder the young women adore you! 4 Draw me after you; let us hurry! May the king bring me into his bedroom chambers! The Maidens to the Lover: We will rejoice and delight in you; we will praise your love more than wine. The Beloved to Her Lover: How rightly the young women adore you! 5 The Beloved to the Maidens: I am dark but lovely, O maidens of Jerusalem, dark like the tents of Qedar, lovely like the tent curtains of Salmah. 6 Do not stare at me because I am dark, for the sun has burned my skin. My brothers were angry with me; they made me the keeper of the vineyards. Alas, my own vineyard I could not keep! 7 The Beloved to Her Lover: Tell me, O you whom my heart loves, where do you pasture your sheep? Where do you rest your sheep during the midday heat? Tell me lest I wander around beside the flocks of your companions! 8 The Lover to His Beloved: If you do not know, O most beautiful of women, simply follow the tracks of my flock, and pasture your little lambs beside the tents of the shepherds. 9 The Lover to His Beloved: O my beloved, you are like a mare among Pharaoh’s stallions.⁠ 10 Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments; your neck is lovely with strings of jewels. 11 We will make for you gold ornaments studded with silver. 12 The Beloved about Her Lover: While the king was at his banqueting table, my nard gave forth its fragrance. 13 My beloved is like a fragrant pouch of myrrh spending the night between my breasts. 14 My beloved is like a cluster of henna blossoms in the vineyards of En Gedi. 15 The Lover to His Beloved: Oh, how beautiful you are, my beloved! Oh, how beautiful you are! Your eyes are like doves! 16 The Beloved to Her Lover: Oh, how handsome you are, my lover! Oh, how delightful you are! The lush foliage is our canopied bed; 17 the cedars are the beams of our bedroom chamber; the pines are the rafters of our bedroom.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 15:4 and Song of Solomon 1:9

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus 15 describes Pharaoh’s chariot horses drowning in the sea during Israel’s victory. Song of Solomon draws on that imagery, comparing a woman to a horse among Pharaoh’s army and turning Egypt’s defeat into praise of her beauty.

Passages

Exodus 15:4

Hebrew Bible
2 The Lord is my strength and my song, and he has become my salvation. This is my God, and I will praise him, my father’s God, and I will exalt him. 3 The Lord is a man of war10— the Lord is his name. 4 The chariots of Pharaoh and his army he has thrown into the sea, and his chosen officers were drowned in the Red Sea. 5 The depths have covered them; they went down to the bottom like a stone.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Song of Solomon 1:9

Hebrew Bible · Song of Songs
8 The Lover to His Beloved: If you do not know, O most beautiful of women, simply follow the tracks of my flock, and pasture your little lambs beside the tents of the shepherds. 9 The Lover to His Beloved: O my beloved, you are like a mare among Pharaoh’s stallions. 10 Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments; your neck is lovely with strings of jewels.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Song of Solomon

References

“... He likens her to “a mare among Pharaoh’s chariots,” a phrase that finds its first scriptural resonance in Exodus 15:1–18, which is another scriptural song, that of Moses. The verbal resonances are direct and explicit: there, as here, Pharaoh’s chariots (currus) are mentioned with their horses (equi); Moses and, immediately afterward, Miriam sing there of the Lord’s destruction of those chariots and horses by submersion in the Red Sea. Here in the Song, the horse is female, equa rather than equus, and in likening the beloved to “a mare among Pharaoh’s chariots” the Song is profoundly suggestive: Pharaoh’s stallions, representing an idolatrous slave empire out for the blood of its escaped slaves, were drowned. This mare, the Lord’s beloved, is greater than they, overcoming their instruments of violence (“chariots”) by her beauty and by her having received and acceded to the Lord’s loving promise. ...”
Paul J. Griffiths, Song of Songs (Grand Rapids: Brazos, 2011), 100–101.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 15:4 and Song of Solomon 1:9

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