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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Prudence in Dealing with Others

Chapter 8

1 Don’t contend with a mighty man, lest perhaps you fall into his hands. 2 Don’t strive with a rich man, lest perhaps he overpower you; for gold has destroyed many, and turned away the hearts of kings. 3 Don’t argue with a loudmouthed man. Don’t heap wood upon his fire. 4 Don’t make fun of a rude man, lest your ancestors be dishonored. 5 Don’t reproach a man when he turns from sin. Remember that we are all worthy of punishment. 6 Don’t dishonor a man in his old age, for some of us are also growing old. 7 Don’t rejoice over anyone’s death. Remember that we all die. 8 Don’t neglect the discourse of the wise. Be conversant with their proverbs; for from them you will learn discipline and how to serve great men. 9 Don’t miss the discourse of the aged, for they also learned from their parents, because from them you will learn understanding, and to give an answer in time of need.⁠ 10 Don’t kindle the coals of a sinner, lest you be burned with the flame of his fire. 11 Don’t rise up from the presence of an insolent man, lest he lie in wait as an ambush for your mouth. 12 Don’t lend to a man who is stronger than you; and if you lend, count it as a loss. 13 Don’t be surety beyond your means. If you give surety, think as one who will have to pay. 14 Don’t go to law with a judge; for according to his honor they will give judgment for him. 15 Don’t travel with a reckless man, lest he be burdensome to you; for he will do as he pleases, and you will perish with his folly. 16 Don’t fight with a wrathful man. Don’t travel with him through the desert, for blood is as nothing in his sight. Where there is no help, he will overthrow you. 17 Don’t consult with a fool, for he will not be able to keep a secret. 18 Do no secret thing before a stranger, for you don’t know what it will cause. 19 Don’t open your heart to every man. Don’t let him return you a favor.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 4:9 and Sirach 8:9

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach echoes Deuteronomy to describe teaching from different perspectives. Deuteronomy urges parents and grandparents to teach the Torah to their children, while Sirach speaks to the children and grandchildren, telling them to listen to their elders.

Passages

Deuteronomy 4:9

Hebrew Bible
7 In fact, what other great nation has a god so near to them like the Lord our God whenever we call on him? 8 And what other great nation has statutes and ordinances as just as this whole law that I am about to share with you today? 9 Again, however, pay very careful attention, lest you forget the things you have seen and disregard them for the rest of your life; instead teach them to your children and grandchildren. 10 You stood before the Lord your God at Horeb and he said to me, “Assemble the people before me so that I can tell them my commands. Then they will learn to revere me all the days they live in the land, and they will instruct their children.” 11 You approached and stood at the foot of the mountain, a mountain ablaze to the sky above it and yet dark with a thick cloud.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Sirach 8:9

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
7 Don’t rejoice over anyone’s death. Remember that we all die. 8 Don’t neglect the discourse of the wise. Be conversant with their proverbs; for from them you will learn discipline and how to serve great men. 9 Don’t miss the discourse of the aged, for they also learned from their parents, because from them you will learn understanding, and to give an answer in time of need. 10 Don’t kindle the coals of a sinner, lest you be burned with the flame of his fire. 11 Don’t rise up from the presence of an insolent man, lest he lie in wait as an ambush for your mouth.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Those documents advanced perspectives critical of the contemporary priesthood by presenting themselves as the “teachings” of priest-sages yet older than Moses. Ben Sira, in contrast, writes in his own name, praises the contemporary priesthood, and affirms the Mosaic Torah as the decisive teaching above others. Partly because Ben Sira does not purport to be an archaic record of preMosaic instruction, it provides more direct evidence than the pseudepigrapha about contemporary educational practices. Like them, Ben Sira reflects smallscale, writing-supported, oral education of a literate elite. The book does not witness to any public school or universal literate education yet. When Ben Sira talks of education in general, he presupposes that parents are the primary teachers of their children (Sirach 8:9; 30:3–4; compare also 14:26). He also envisions the Aaronide priests as those responsible for teaching the people God’s commandments (Sirach 45:5, 17) ..."
David M. Carr, Writing on the Tablet of the Heart: Origins of Scripture and Literature (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 208.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 4:9 and Sirach 8:9

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