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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 6

1 Don’t become an enemy instead of a friend; for an evil name will inherit shame and reproach. So it is with the sinner who has a double tongue. 2 Don’t exalt yourself in the counsel of your soul, that your soul not be torn in pieces like a bull. 3 You will eat up your leaves, destroy your fruit, and leave yourself like a dry tree. 4 A wicked soul will destroy him who has it, and will make him a laughing stock to his enemies.

True and False Friendship

5 Sweet words will multiply a man’s friends. A gracious tongue will multiply courtesies. 6 Let those that are at peace with you be many, but your advisers one of a thousand. 7 If you want to gain a friend, get him in a time of testing, and don’t be in a hurry to trust him. 8 For there is a friend just for an occasion. He won’t continue in the day of your affliction. 9 And there is a friend who turns into an enemy. He will reveal strife to your reproach. 10 And there is a friend who is a companion at the table, but he won’t continue in the day of your affliction.⁠ 11 In your prosperity he will be as yourself, and will be bold over your servants. 12 If you are brought low, he will be against you, and will hide himself from your face. 13 Separate yourself from your enemies, and beware of your friends. 14 A faithful friend is a strong defense. He who has found him has found a treasure. 15 There is nothing that can be taken in exchange for a faithful friend. His excellency is beyond price. 16 A faithful friend is a life-saving medicine.⁠ Those who fear the Lord will find him.⁠ 17 He who fears the Lord directs his friendship properly; for as he is, so is his neighbor also.

The Pursuit of Wisdom

18 My son, gather instruction from your youth up. Even when you have gray hair you will find wisdom. 19 Come to her as one who plows and sows and wait for her good fruit;⁠ for your toil will be little in her cultivation, and you will soon eat of her fruit. 20 How exceedingly harsh she is to the unlearned! He who is without understanding will not remain in her. 21 She will rest upon him as a mighty stone of trial. He won’t hesitate to cast her from him. 22 For wisdom is according to her name. She isn’t manifest to many. 23 Give ear, my son, and accept my judgment. Don’t refuse my counsel. 24 Bring your feet into her fetters, and your neck into her chain.⁠ 25 Put your shoulder under her and bear her. Don’t be grieved with her bonds. 26 Come to her with all your soul. Keep her ways with your whole power.⁠ 27 Search and seek, and she will be made known to you. When you get hold of her, don’t let her go. 28 For at the last you will find her rest; and she will be turned for you into gladness. 29 Her fetters will be to you for a covering of strength, and her chains for a robe of glory. 30 For there is a golden ornament upon her, and her bands are a purple cord. 31 You shall put her on as a robe of glory, and shall put her on as a crown of rejoicing. 32 My son, if you are willing, you will be instructed. If you will yield your soul, you will be prudent. 33 If you love to hear, you will receive. If you incline your ear, you will be wise.⁠ 34 Stand in the multitude of the elders. Attach yourself to whomever is wise. 35 Be willing to listen to every godly discourse. Don’t let the proverbs of understanding escape you.⁠ 36 If you see a man of understanding, get to him early. Let your foot wear out the steps of his doors. 37 Let your mind dwell on the ordinances of the Lord and meditate continually on his commandments. He will establish your heart and your desire for wisdom will be given to you.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 25:29 and Sirach 6:16

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach echoes imagery from 1 Samuel 25, where life is kept secure “in the bag” of the living and enemies are cast away like stones. Sirach applies this idiom to a faithful friend whose loyalty offers lasting protection.

Passages

1 Samuel 25:29

Hebrew Bible
27 Now let this present that your servant has brought to my lord be given to the servants who follow my lord. 28 Please forgive the sin of your servant, for the Lord will certainly establish a lasting dynasty for my lord, because my lord fights the battles of the Lord. May no evil be found in you all your days! 29 When someone sets out to chase you and to take your life, the life of my lord will be wrapped securely in the bag of the living by the Lord your God. But he will sling away the lives of your enemies from the sling’s pocket! 30 The Lord will do for my lord everything that he promised you, and he will make you a leader over Israel. 31 Your conscience will not be overwhelmed with guilt for having poured out innocent blood and for having taken matters into your own hands. When the Lord has granted my lord success, please remember your servant.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

Sirach 6:16

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
14 A faithful friend is a strong defense. He who has found him has found a treasure. 15 There is nothing that can be taken in exchange for a faithful friend. His excellency is beyond price. 16 A faithful friend is a life-saving medicine. Those who fear the Lord will find him. 17 He who fears the Lord directs his friendship properly; for as he is, so is his neighbor also. 18 My son, gather instruction from your youth up. Even when you have gray hair you will find wisdom.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... In general, 1 Samuel 25 contrasts the boorish Nabal, whose name means “fool” (1 Samuel 25:25), with his prudent wife Abigail, who is described as being “of good insight” and whom David praises, saying: “Blessed be your discretion”. The use of wisdom vocabulary in 1 Samuel 25 (“fool”; “insight, prudence”; “discretion”) suggests that the story might easily have attracted the attention of a wisdom teacher such as Ben Sira. The fact that here and in 6:16–17 Ben Sira clearly alludes to 1 Samuel 25 suggests that he understands the story of Nabal and Abigail as exemplifying his teaching on friendship. As a negative example, the foolish Nabal refuses to respond peacefully to David’s greeting (1 Samuel 25:6–11; compare Sirach 6:5) but rather engages in a dispute to disgrace David (1 Samuel 25:39; compare Sirach 6:9). As a positive example, the prudent Abigail responds to David in a friendly manner, offering gifts of food to David’s troops (1 Samuel 25:18–19) and gracious words to David himself (1 Samuel 25:24–31; compare Sirach 6:5), with the result that her friendliness eventually leads to marriage with David (1 Samuel 25:42) ..."
Jeremy Corley, Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship (Providence, RI: Brown Judaic Studies, 2020), 52.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 25:29 and Sirach 6:16

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