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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Simon the High Priest and Temple Worship

Chapter 50

1 It was Simon, the son of Onias, the high priest, who in his life repaired the house, and in his days strengthened the temple. 2 The foundation was built by him to the height of the double walls, the lofty retaining walls of the temple enclosure. 3 In his days, a water cistern was dug, the brazen vessel like the sea in circumference. 4 He planned to save his people from ruin, and fortified the city against siege. 5 How glorious he was when the people gathered around him as he came out of the house of the veil! 6 He was like the morning star among clouds, like the full moon, 7 like the sun shining on the temple of the Most High, like the rainbow shining in clouds of glory, 8 like roses in the days of first fruits, like lilies by a water spring, like the shoot of the frankincense tree in summer time, 9 like fire and incense in the censer, like a vessel of beaten gold adorned with all kinds of precious stones, 10 like an olive tree loaded with fruit, and like a cypress growing high among the clouds. 11 When he put on his glorious robe, and clothed himself in perfect splendor,⁠ ascending to the holy altar, he made the court of the sanctuary glorious. 12 When he received the portions out of the priests’ hands, as he stood by the hearth of the altar, with his kindred like a garland around him, he was like a young cedar in Lebanon surrounded by the trunks of palm trees. 13 All the sons of Aaron in their glory, held the Lord’s offering in their hands before all the congregation of Israel. 14 Finishing the service at the altars, that he might arrange the offering of the Most High, the Almighty, 15 he stretched out his hand to the cup of libation, and poured out the cup of the grape. He poured it out at the foot of the altar, a sweet smelling fragrance to the Most High, the King of all. 16 Then the sons of Aaron shouted. They sounded the trumpets of beaten work. They made a great fanfare to be heard, for a reminder before the Most High. 17 Then all the people together hurried, and fell down to the ground on their faces to worship their Lord, the Almighty, God Most High. 18 The singers also praised him with their voices. There was a sweet melody in the whole house. 19 And the people implored the Lord Most High, in prayer before him who is merciful, until the worship of the Lord was finished, and so they accomplished his service. 20 Then he went down, and lifted up his hands over the whole congregation of the children of Israel, to give blessing to the Lord with his lips, and to glory in his name.⁠ 21 He bowed himself down in worship the second time, to declare the blessing from the Most High. 22 Now bless the God of all, who everywhere does great things, who exalts our days from the womb, and deals with us according to his mercy. 23 May he grant us joyfulness of heart, and that peace may be in our days in Israel for the days of eternity, 24 to entrust his mercy with us, and let him deliver us in his time!

Neighboring Peoples and the Author’s Conclusion

25 With two nations my soul is vexed, and the third is no nation: 26 Those who sit on the mountain of Samaria, the Philistines, and the foolish people who live in Shechem. 27 I have written in this book the instruction of understanding and knowledge, I Jesus, the son of Sirach Eleazar, of Jerusalem,⁠ who out of his heart poured forth wisdom. 28 Blessed is he who will exercise these things. He who lays them up in his heart will become wise.⁠ 29 For if he does them, he will be strong in all things, for the light of the Lord is his guide.

Texts in conversation

Compare Letter of Aristeas 99 and Sirach 50:11

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Deuterocanon

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Summary

The Letter of Aristeas describes the high priest Eleazar in such splendor that onlookers feel they have entered another world. Sirach 50 praises the high priest Simon with the same awe, a sign of the honor and power the high priest held at the time.

Passages

Letter of Aristeas 99

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
its own particular color. On his head he wore a tiara, as it is called, and on this in the middle of his forehead an inimitable turban, the royal diadem full of glory with the name of God inscribed in sacred letters on a plate of gold . . . having been judged worthy to wear these emblems in the ministrations. Their appearance created such awe and confusion of mind as to make one feel that one had come into the presence of a man who belonged to a different world. I am convinced that anyone who takes part in the spectacle which I have described will be filled with astonishment and indescribable wonder and be profoundly affected in his mind at the thought of the sanctity which is attached to each detail of the service.
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Aristeas

Sirach 50:11

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
5 How glorious he was when the people gathered around him as he came out of the house of the veil! 6 He was like the morning star among clouds, like the full moon, 7 like the sun shining on the temple of the Most High, like the rainbow shining in clouds of glory, 8 like roses in the days of first fruits, like lilies by a water spring, like the shoot of the frankincense tree in summer time, 9 like fire and incense in the censer, like a vessel of beaten gold adorned with all kinds of precious stones, 10 like an olive tree loaded with fruit, and like a cypress growing high among the clouds. 11 When he put on his glorious robe, and clothed himself in perfect splendor, ascending to the holy altar, he made the court of the sanctuary glorious.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

“... In the previously mentioned examples we are given glimpses of the esteem in which the high priest was held and of the political authority he wielded. In each case he is portrayed as the leader of the people and the highest internal political figure. This political clout and emerging influence of the high priest are also reflected in Ben Sira’s reverent depiction of Simon’s appearance: How glorious he was, surrounded by the people, As he came out of the house of the curtain. Like the morning star among the clouds, like the full moon at the festal season Like the sun shining on the temple of the Most High…. When he put on his glorious robe and clothed himself in perfect splendor, When he went up to the holy altar, He made the court of the sanctuary glorious. While Ben Sira reserved his praise for Simon, other texts bestow equal veneration on other high priests. The author of the second century B.C.E. Letter of Aristeas, for example, describes the magnificence of the robe of the high priest Eleazar, which held an inlaid breastplate of twelve stones, and of his diadem, remarking that the glory of these vestments was commensurate with the grandeur of the high priest, for the “wearer is considered worthy of such vestments at the services” (96–98). ...”
Timothy Wardle, The Jerusalem Temple and Early Christian Identity (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010), 37.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Letter of Aristeas 99 and Sirach 50:11

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