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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Presumption, Speech, and Self-Control

Chapter 5

1 Don’t set your heart upon your goods. Don’t say, “They are sufficient for me.” 2 Don’t follow your own mind and your strength to walk in the desires of your heart.⁠ 3 Don’t say, “Who will have dominion over me?” for the Lord will surely take vengeance on you. 4 Don’t say, “I sinned, and what happened to me?” for the Lord is patient.⁠ 5 Don’t be so confident of atonement that you add sin upon sins. 6 Don’t say, “His compassion is great. He will be pacified for the multitude of my sins,” for mercy and wrath are with him, and his indignation will rest on sinners. 7 Don’t wait to turn to the Lord. Don’t put off from day to day;⁠ for suddenly the wrath of the Lord will come on you, and you will perish in the time of vengeance. 8 Don’t set your heart upon unrighteous gains, for you will profit nothing in the day of calamity.⁠ 9 Don’t winnow with every wind. Don’t walk in every path. This is what the sinner who has a double tongue does. 10 Be steadfast in your understanding. Let your speech be consistent. 11 Be swift to hear and answer with patience.⁠ 12 If you have understanding, answer your neighbor; but if not, put your hand over your mouth.⁠ 13 Glory and dishonor is in talk. A man’s tongue may be his downfall.⁠ 14 Don’t be called a whisperer. Don’t lie in wait with your tongue; for shame is on the thief, and an evil condemnation is on him who has a double tongue.⁠ 15 Don’t be ignorant in a great or small matter.

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 29:9 and Sirach 5:12

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Job 29 and Sirach use the same idiom about mouths being covered to describe a moment of silence, highlighting a traditional wisdom saying and how they are adapted in later texts, showing how Sirach was influenced by this literary practice.

Passages

Job 29:9

Hebrew Bible
7 When I went out to the city gate and secured my seat in the public square, 8 the young men would see me and step aside, and the old men would get up and remain standing; 9 the chief men refrained from talking and covered their mouths with their hands; 10 the voices of the nobles fell silent, and their tongues stuck to the roof of their mouths.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Sirach 5:12

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
11 Be swift to hear and answer with patience. 12 If you have understanding, answer your neighbor; but if not, put your hand over your mouth. 13 Glory and dishonor is in talk. A man’s tongue may be his downfall.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Job expects their silent attention when he himself speaks (Job 13:13, 17). Later on, he reminds his friends of previous times, when he still received respect from the community. In the past, when he spoke people were silently listening to him (Job 29:9-10, 21-22). It is quite clear that Job considered himself a wise king whose argument could not be countered. What should be avoided above all is self-praise ... The late book of the Wisdom of Ben Sira gives all kinds of reasons for silence between people, but stresses especially the wisdom of biding your time ..."
Marjo C. A. Korpel and Johannes C. de Moor, The Silent God (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 94.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 29:9 and Sirach 5:12

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