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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Nathan, David, and Solomon

Chapter 47

1 After him, Nathan rose up to prophesy in the days of David. 2 As is the fat when it is separated from the peace offering, so was David separated from the children of Israel.⁠ 3 He played with lions as with kids, and with bears as with lambs of the flock. 4 In his youth didn’t he kill a giant, and take away reproach from the people when he lifted up his hand with a sling stone, and beat down the boasting Goliath? 5 For he called upon the Most High Lord, and he gave him strength in his right hand to kill a man mighty in war, to exalt the horn of his people. 6 So they glorified him for his tens of thousands, and praised him for the blessings of the Lord, in that a glorious diadem was given to him. 7 For he destroyed the enemies on every side, and defeated the Philistines his adversaries. He broke their horn in pieces to this day. 8 In every work of his he gave thanks to the Holy One Most High with words of glory. He sang praise with his whole heart, and loved him who made him. 9 He set singers before the altar, to make sweet melody by their music. 10 He gave beauty to the feasts, and set in order the seasons to completion while they praised his holy name, and the sanctuary resounded from early morning. 11 The Lord took away his sins, and exalted his horn forever. He gave him a covenant of kings, and a glorious throne in Israel. 12 After him a wise son rose up, who because of him lived in security. 13 Solomon reigned in days of peace. God gave him rest all around, that he might set up a house for his name, and prepare a sanctuary forever. 14 How wise you were made in your youth, and filled as a river with understanding! 15 Your influence covered the earth, and you filled it with parables and riddles. 16 Your name reached to the far away islands, and you were loved for your peace. 17 For your songs, proverbs, parables, and interpretations, the countries marveled at you. 18 By the name of the Lord God, who is called the God of Israel, you gathered gold like tin, and multiplied silver like lead. 19 You bowed your loins to women, and in your body you were brought into subjection. 20 You blemished your honor, and defiled your offspring, to bring wrath upon your children. I was grieved for your folly, 21 because the sovereignty was divided, and a disobedient kingdom ruled out of Ephraim. 22 But the Lord will never forsake his mercy. He won’t destroy any of his works, nor blot out the posterity of his elect. He won’t take away the offspring of him who loved him. He gave a remnant to Jacob, and to David a root from his own family.⁠

The Divided Kingdoms and Their Prophets

23 So Solomon rested with his fathers. Of his offspring, he left behind him Rehoboam, the foolishness of the people, and one who lacked understanding, who made the people revolt by his counsel. Also Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, and gave a way of sin to Ephraim.⁠ 24 Their sins were multiplied exceedingly, until they were removed from their land. 25 For they sought out all manner of wickedness, until vengeance came upon them.

Texts in conversation

Compare Leviticus 4:8 and Sirach 47:2

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Leviticus details how the fat of sacrificial animals must be separated and burned as the most valuable part of the offering. Sirach echoes this requirement by using the same technical language metaphorically when describing Israel’s early leaders.

Passages

Leviticus 4:8

Hebrew Bible
6 The priest must dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of it seven times before the Lord toward the front of the special curtain of the sanctuary. 7 The priest must put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense that is before the Lord in the Meeting Tent, and all the rest of the bull’s blood he must pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the Meeting Tent. 8 “‘Then he must take up all the fat from the sin-offering bull: the fat covering the entrails and all the fat surrounding the entrails, 9 the two kidneys with the fat on their sinews, and the protruding lobe on the liver (which he is to remove along with the kidneys) 10 —just as it is taken from the ox of the peace-offering sacrifice—and the priest must offer them up in smoke on the altar of burnt offering.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

Sirach 47:2

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 After him, Nathan rose up to prophesy in the days of David. 2 As is the fat when it is separated from the peace offering, so was David separated from the children of Israel. 3 He played with lions as with kids, and with bears as with lambs of the flock. 4 In his youth didn’t he kill a giant, and take away reproach from the people when he lifted up his hand with a sling stone, and beat down the boasting Goliath?
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... In 47:2, Ben Sira shows his exemplary knowledge of the Scriptures by making use of the verbal root on (Hiphil / Hophal). According to priestly legislation, fat was to be set apart from the meat offerings. Eating the fat of the sacrificed animals was not allowed, but as the most valuable part of the offering, the fat had to be burned in an offering to God. The technical term referring to the separating of the fat from the sacrifice is the verb on. (Compare Exodus 29:13; Leviticus 2:9; 3:3-5; 9-11, 14-16, 4:8-19) It is no wonder that Ben Sira leans on priestly language, as he stresses cultic issues of all sorts whenever he has a chance to focus on them. Aaron surpasses Moses in the length of presentation when Ben Sira devotes himself to a meticulous description of Aaron's priestly vestments (Sirach 45:6-13). Furthermore, Ben Sira emphasizes that an eternal covenant was made with Aaron and his offspring (45:15). God himself was Aaron's legacy (45:22) ..."
Marko Marttila, Foreign Nations in the Wisdom of Ben Sira: A Jewish Sage between Opposition and Assimilation, DCLS 13 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2012), 185.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Leviticus 4:8 and Sirach 47:2

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