Go to Related Reading
About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Joshua, Caleb, the Judges, and Samuel

Chapter 46

1 Joshua the son of Nun was valiant in war, and was the successor of Moses in prophecies. He was made great according to his name for the saving of God’s elect, to take vengeance on the enemies that rose up against them, that he might give Israel their inheritance. 2 How he was glorified in the lifting up his hands, and in stretching out his sword against the cities! 3 Who before him stood so firm? For the Lord himself brought his enemies to him. 4 Didn’t the sun go back by his hand?⁠ Didn’t one day become as two? 5 He called upon the Most High, the Mighty One, when his foes pressed in all around him, and the great Lord heard him.⁠ 6 With hailstones of mighty power, he caused war to break violently upon the nation, and on the slope he destroyed those who resisted, so that the nations might know his armor, how he fought in the sight of the Lord; for he followed the Mighty One. 7 Also in the time of Moses, he did a work of mercy— he and Caleb the son of Jephunneh— in that they withstood the adversary, hindered the people from sin, and stilled their wicked complaining. 8 And of six hundred thousand people on foot, they two alone were preserved to bring them into their inheritance, into a land flowing with milk and honey. 9 The Lord gave strength to Caleb, and it remained with him to his old age, so that he entered the hill country, and his offspring obtained it for an inheritance, 10 that all the children of Israel might see that it is good to follow the Lord. 11 Also the judges, every one by his name, all whose hearts didn’t engage in immorality, and who didn’t turn away from the Lord— may their memory be blessed! 12 May their bones flourish again out of their place. May the name of those who have been honored be renewed in their children. 13 Samuel, the prophet of the Lord, loved by his Lord, established a kingdom and anointed princes over his people. 14 By the law of the Lord he judged the congregation, and the Lord watched over Jacob. 15 By his faithfulness he was proved to be a prophet. By his words he was known to be faithful in vision. 16 When his enemies pressed on him on every side, he called upon the Lord, the Mighty One, with the offering of the suckling lamb. 17 Then the Lord thundered from heaven. He made his voice heard with a mighty sound. 18 He utterly destroyed the rulers of the Tyrians and all the princes of the Philistines. 19 Before the time of his age-long sleep, he testified in the sight of the lord and his anointed, “I have not taken any man’s goods, so much as a sandal;” and no one accused him. 20 Even after he fell asleep, he prophesied, and showed the king his end, and lifted up his voice from the earth in prophecy, to blot out the wickedness of the people.

Texts in conversation

Compare Joshua 10:13 and Sirach 46:4

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

Share:

Summary

Joshua describes the sun stopping when Joshua prays during battle. Sirach describes the sun stopping from Joshua’s own hand, preserving an older heroic tradition where Joshua himself stopped it.

Passages

Joshua 10:13

Hebrew Bible
12 The day the Lord delivered the Amorites over to the Israelites, Joshua prayed to the Lord before Israel: “O sun, stand still over Gibeon; O moon, over the Valley of Aijalon!” 13 The sun stood still and the moon stood motionless while the nation took vengeance on its enemies. The event is recorded in the Scroll of the Upright One. The sun stood motionless in the middle of the sky and did not set for about a full day. 14 There has not been a day like it before or since. The Lord listened to a human being, for the Lord fought for Israel!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

Sirach 46:4

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 Joshua the son of Nun was valiant in war, and was the successor of Moses in prophecies. He was made great according to his name for the saving of God’s elect, to take vengeance on the enemies that rose up against them, that he might give Israel their inheritance. 2 How he was glorified in the lifting up his hands, and in stretching out his sword against the cities! 3 Who before him stood so firm? For the Lord himself brought his enemies to him. 4 Didn’t the sun go back by his hand? Didn’t one day become as two? 5 He called upon the Most High, the Mighty One, when his foes pressed in all around him, and the great Lord heard him.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

... Evidence that an ancient tradition spoke of only the sun’s stopping in its tracks can be detected in later accounts of the story. Ben Sira, for example, glorifies Joshua’s heroism: "Was it not by his hand that the sun stood, so that one day became like two?" (46:4). According to Ben Sira, Joshua stopped the sun with his own hand—similar to what happened, according to the same author, when Joshua performed another wondrous act: "How glorious he was when he lifted his hand and brandished his javelin against the cities!" (46:2). The tradition about Joshua’s stopping the sun with his hand is shared by Ben Sira and the midrash, which considers Joshua’s holding out his hand a gesture accompanying invocation. The language of the addition in Habakkuk 3 is particularly similar to that of the tradition about Joshua that is found in Ben Sira. ...
Avigdor Shinan and Yair Zakovitch, From Gods to God: How the Bible Debunked, Suppressed, or Changed Ancient Myths and Legends, trans. Valerie Zakovitch (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska, 2012), 57.
... The reception history of the book of Joshua is evident in a limited number of texts from the Hellenistic period on. The historical writings of 1 and 2 Maccabees in the first century BCE idealize Joshua as a faithful warrior who fulfilled the divine command entrusted to him. Earlier, in the second century BCE, Sirach eulogizes Joshua as one of the heroes of faith, again emphasizing his role as a warrior, who took "vengeance on the enemies that rose against them, so that he might give Israel its inheritance" (46:1). Sirach underscores further the miraculous power of Joshua in making the sun stand still and his function in tradition as "the successor of Moses in the prophetic office" (46:1). The Dead Sea Scrolls, Pseudo-Philo, and Josephus also illustrate the flexibility of the story of Joshua among authors of the Second Temple period by the way in which they interpret the character of Joshua with a range of images, from prophet to warrior. ...
Thomas B. Dozeman, The Anchor Yale Bible: Joshua 1-12 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015), 78.
... "Wreaking vengeance on the enemy" (46:1e) is a reference to Joshua 10:13: "And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, while the nation took vengeance on its foes," that is, the Amorites. The raising of Joshua’s hand "to brandish his sword" (46:2a) was a signal for his troops to attack the city of Ai (Joshua 8:18-19, 26). Because Yahweh was with Joshua, no one "could withstand him" (46:3a)—a clear reference to Joshua 1:5. As regards Joshua’s "hand" (46:4a) stopping the sun (cf. Joshua 10:12-13): his same hand: compare 2a; Ben Sira is presumably thinking of a parallel with the stance of Moses at the battle with Amalek (Exodus 17:8-16) in which Joshua was the field commander. In Joshua 10, it is the voice of Joshua that commands the sun; compare here verses 5, 6. ...
Patrick W. Skehan and Alexander A. Di Lella, The Wisdom of Ben Sira: A New Translation with Notes (New York: Doubleday, 1987), 516, 519.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Joshua 10:13 and Sirach 46:4

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library