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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

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Chapter 41

1 O death, how bitter is the memory of you to a man who is at peace in his possessions, to the man who has nothing to distract him and has prosperity in all things, and who still has strength to enjoy food! 2 O death, your sentence is acceptable to a man who is needy and who fails in strength, who is in extreme old age, is distracted about all things,⁠ is perverse, and has lost patience! 3 Don’t be afraid of the sentence of death. Remember those who have been before you and who come after. This is the sentence from the Lord over all flesh. 4 And why do you refuse when it is the good pleasure of the Most High? Whether life lasts ten, or a hundred, or a thousand years, there is no inquiry about life in Hades. 5 The children of sinners are abominable children and they frequent the dwellings of the ungodly.⁠ 6 The inheritance of sinners’ children will perish and with their posterity will be a perpetual disgrace. 7 Children will complain of an ungodly father, because they suffer disgrace because of him. 8 Woe to you, ungodly men, who have forsaken the law of the Most High God!⁠ 9 If you are born, you will be born to a curse. If you die, a curse will be your portion. 10 All things that are of the earth will go back to the earth; so the ungodly will go from a curse to perdition. 11 The mourning of men is about their bodies; but the evil name of sinners will be blotted out. 12 Have regard for your name, for it continues with you longer than a thousand great treasures of gold.⁠ 13 A good life has its number of days, but a good name continues forever.

Shame, Responsibility, and Care for Daughters

14 My children, follow instruction in peace. But wisdom that is hidden and a treasure that is not seen, what benefit is in them both? 15 Better is a man who hides his foolishness than a man who hides his wisdom. 16 Therefore show respect for my words; for it is not good to retain every kind of shame. Not everything is approved by all in good faith. 17 Be ashamed of sexual immorality before father and mother, of a lie before a prince and a mighty man, 18 of an offense before a judge and ruler, of iniquity before the congregation and the people, of unjust dealing before a partner and friend, 19 and of theft in the place where you stay. Be ashamed in regard of the truth of God and his covenant, of leaning on your elbow at dinner, of contemptuous behavior in the matter of giving and taking, 20 of silence before those who greet you, of looking at a woman who is a prostitute, 21 of turning away your face from a kinsman, of taking away a portion or a gift, of gazing at a woman who has a husband, 22 of meddling with his maid—and don’t come near her bed, of abusive speech to friends—and after you have given, don’t insult,

Texts in conversation

Compare The Instruction of Ankhsheshonq and Sirach 41:11

Ancient Near East, Egyptian · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach follows a familiar wisdom pattern by drawing on older sayings from the ancient Near East, including Egyptian teaching like Ankhsheshonq. One example is the repeated advice to guard one’s reputation, a central concern in everyday social life.

Passages

The Instruction of Ankhsheshonq

Ancient Near East, Egyptian
Gather dung, gather clay, but do not make an occupation out of scavenging. Do not talk much before your master. Be gentle and your reputation will increase in the hearts of all men. If a gardener becomes a fisherman his trees perish. If you have acquired give one part of them for protection.
300 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in The Instruction of Ankhsheshonq

Sirach 41:11

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
10 All things that are of the earth will go back to the earth; so the ungodly will go from a curse to perdition. 11 The mourning of men is about their bodies; but the evil name of sinners will be blotted out. 12 Have regard for your name, for it continues with you longer than a thousand great treasures of gold. 13 A good life has its number of days, but a good name continues forever. 14 My children, follow instruction in peace. But wisdom that is hidden and a treasure that is not seen, what benefit is in them both?
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... The larger wisdom tradition also motivates ethical behavior by instilling a concern for one’s reputation or name. (Proverbs 10:7; 22:1; Job 18.17; Ecclesiastes 7.1; Pap. Insinger 2.12; 15.7; 16.9; Instructions of Ankhsheshonq 6:2; 17:26) Ben Sira, too, employs this strategy. At the end of a section on proper speech (Sir 5.9–16), the sage warns against deceit in one’s words, because “you will inherit a bad name, disgrace, and reproach” (Sirach 5.16). Ben Sira also promotes strict control by a father over his daughters, lest she make of him “a byword in the city” (Sirach 42:11). Yet Ben Sira joins even this staple motivator of the wisdom tradition to Jewish piety. In the closing stanza of a section on anxieties and joys in human life (Sirach 40:1 - 41:13), Ben Sira uses the word šēm once in each of the three bicola. He suggests that one’s reputation is even more important than one’s life (Sirach 41:11, 13), and that a “pious name” (šēm ḥesed) will not be cut off (Sirach 41:11) ..."
Greg Schmidt Goering, Wisdom’s Root Revealed: Ben Sira and the Election of Israel (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 159.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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The Instruction of Ankhsheshonq and Sirach 41:11

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