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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 4

1 My son, don’t deprive the poor of his living. Don’t make the needy eyes wait long.⁠ 2 Don’t make a hungry soul sorrowful, or provoke a man in his distress. 3 Don’t add more trouble to a heart that is provoked. Don’t put off giving to him who is in need. 4 Don’t reject a suppliant in his affliction. Don’t turn your face away from a poor man.⁠ 5 Don’t turn your eye away from one who asks. Give no occasion to a man to curse you.⁠ 6 For if he curses you in the bitterness of his soul, he who made him will hear his supplication. 7 Endear yourself to the assembly. Bow your head to a great man. 8 Incline your ear to a poor man. Answer him with peaceful words in humility. 9 Deliver him who is wronged from the hand of him who wrongs him;⁠ Don’t be hesitant in giving judgment. 10 Be as a father to the fatherless, and like a husband to their mother. So you will be as a son of the Most High,⁠ and he will love you more than your mother does.⁠

Wisdom’s Rewards and Discipline

11 Wisdom exalts her sons, and takes hold of those who seek her. 12 He who loves her loves life. Those who seek her early will be filled with gladness. 13 He who holds her fast will inherit glory. Where he enters, the Lord will bless. 14 Those who serve her minister to the Holy One. The Lord loves those who love her. 15 He who listens to her will judge the nations. He who heeds her will dwell securely. 16 If he trusts her, he will inherit her, and his generations will possess her. 17 For at the first she will walk with him in crooked ways, and will bring fear and dread upon him, and torment him with her discipline, until she may trust his soul, and try him by her judgments. 18 Then she will return him again to the straight way, and will gladden him, and reveal to him her secrets. 19 If he goes astray, she will forsake him, and hand him over to his fall.

Courage, Honesty, and Shame

20 Watch for the opportunity, and beware of evil. Don’t be ashamed of your soul. 21 For there is a shame that brings sin, and there is a shame that is glory and grace.⁠ 22 Don’t show partiality, discrediting your soul. Don’t revere any man to your falling. 23 Don’t refrain from speaking when it is for safety. Don’t hide your wisdom for the sake of seeming fair. 24 For wisdom will be known by speech, and instruction by the word of the tongue. 25 Don’t speak against the truth and be shamed for your ignorance.⁠ 26 Don’t be ashamed to confess your sins. Don’t fight the river’s current. 27 Don’t lay yourself down for a fool to tread upon. Don’t be partial to one who is mighty. 28 Strive for the truth to death, and the Lord God will fight for you.⁠ 29 Don’t be hasty with your tongue, or slack and negligent in your deeds. 30 Don’t be like a lion in your house, or suspicious of your servants. 31 Don’t let your hand be stretched out to receive, and closed when you should repay.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 4:4 and Matthew 5:42

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Sirach teaches generosity as a duty, telling people not to turn away the poor or delay aid, describing the needy and their pleas reaching God. In Matthew, Jesus echoes this language by similarly teaching to give to those who ask.

Passages

Sirach 4:4

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
2 Don’t make a hungry soul sorrowful, or provoke a man in his distress. 3 Don’t add more trouble to a heart that is provoked. Don’t put off giving to him who is in need. 4 Don’t reject a suppliant in his affliction. Don’t turn your face away from a poor man. 5 Don’t turn your eye away from one who asks. Give no occasion to a man to curse you. 6 For if he curses you in the bitterness of his soul, he who made him will hear his supplication.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Matthew 5:42

New Testament
40 And if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your coat also. 41 And if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two. 42 Give to the one who asks you, and do not reject the one who wants to borrow from you. 43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor’ and ‘hate your enemy.’ 44 But I say to you, love your enemy and pray for those who persecute you,
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Some theologians have argued that since certain sections of the NT do not articulate distinctions regarding the nature of the poor, it is therefore God's intent that such delineation be avoided. Nevertheless the semantic and contextual identification of the poor in the NT provides a significant level of detail concerning the plight of those it identifies as among the poor. The clarification of this domain will be pursued below ... The terms for identifying poverty are (impoverishment or need) along with additional cognates for need. The term refers, in common Greek usage, to those who are completely dependant on others for their survival-such are variously known as paupers, mendicants or beggars. These destitute were the natural recipients of alms. By contrast, the latter commonly refers to those that are relatively poor and live 'from hand to mouth' while earning 'a bare and scant livelihood.' While this differentiation has been somewhat obscured in the Septuagint translation of the OT terms for poor, it remains in effect in other contemporaneous material such as the Greek translation of Sirach. (Note, for example, Sirach 4:1-3. The Greek translation of Sirach is thought to herald from approximately 132 BC) The NT is recognized to follow the OT conceptual usage -in contrast to the LXX -in affirming that it represents the poor who have 'nothing to bring' either materially or spiritually (when employed in the metaphorical sense) ..."
Ondrej Hron, Hamartiological Heuristics as a Hermeneutical Key to Justice, Mercy and the Moral Treatment of the Poor in the New Testament (Charles University in Prague, 2008), 56–58.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 4:4 and Matthew 5:42

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