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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Physicians, Sickness, and Mourning

Chapter 38

1 Honor a physician according to your need with the honors due to him, for truly the Lord has created him.⁠ 2 For healing comes from the Most High, and he shall receive a gift from the king. 3 The skill of the physician will lift up his head. He will be admired in the sight of great men. 4 The Lord created medicines out of the earth. A prudent man will not despise them.⁠ 5 Wasn’t water made sweet with wood, that its power might be known?⁠ 6 He gave men skill that he might be glorified in his marvelous works. 7 With them he heals and takes away pain. 8 With these, the pharmacist makes a mixture. God’s works won’t be brought to an end. From him, peace is upon the face of the earth. 9 My son, in your sickness don’t be negligent, but pray to the Lord, and he will heal you.⁠ 10 Put away wrong doing, and direct your hands in righteousness. Cleanse your heart from all sin. 11 Give a sweet savor and a memorial of fine flour, and pour oil on your offering, according to your means. 12 Then give place to the physician, for truly the Lord has created him. Don’t let him leave you, for you need him. 13 There is a time when recovery is in their hands. 14 For they also shall ask the Lord to prosper them in diagnosis and in healing for the maintenance of life. 15 He who sins before his Maker, let him fall into the hands of the physician. 16 My son, let your tears fall over the dead, and as one who suffers grievously, begin lamentation. Wind up his body with due honor. Don’t neglect his burial. 17 Make bitter weeping and make passionate wailing. Let your mourning be according to his merit, for one day or two, lest you be spoken evil of; and so be comforted for your sorrow. 18 For from sorrow comes death. Sorrow of heart saps one’s strength. 19 In calamity, sorrow also remains. A poor man’s life is grievous to the heart. 20 Don’t give your heart to sorrow. Put it away, remembering the end. 21 Don’t forget it, for there is no returning again. You do him no good, and you would harm yourself. 22 Remember his end, for so also will yours be: yesterday for him, and today for you. 23 When the dead is at rest, let his remembrance rest. Be comforted for him when his spirit departs from him.⁠

The Skilled Worker and the Scribe

24 The wisdom of the scribe comes by the opportunity of leisure. He who has little business can become wise. 25 How could he become wise who holds the plow, who glories in the shaft of the goad, who drives oxen and is occupied in their labors, and who mostly talks about bulls? 26 He will set his heart upon turning his furrows. His lack of sleep is to give his heifers their fodder. 27 So is every craftsman and master artisan who passes his time by night as by day,⁠ those who cut engravings of signets. His diligence is to make great variety. He sets his heart to preserve likeness in his portraiture, and is careful to finish his work. 28 So too is the smith sitting by the anvil and considering the unwrought iron. The smoke of the fire will waste his flesh. He toils in the heat of the furnace. The noise of the hammer deafens his ear. His eyes are upon the pattern of the object. He will set his heart upon perfecting his works. He will be careful to adorn them perfectly. 29 So is the potter sitting at his work and turning the wheel around with his feet, who is always anxiously set at his work. He produces his handiwork in quantity. 30 He will fashion the clay with his arm and will bend its strength in front of his feet. He will apply his heart to finish the glazing. He will be careful to clean the kiln. 31 All these put their trust in their hands. Each becomes skillful in his own work. 32 Without these no city would be inhabited. Men wouldn’t reside as foreigners or walk up and down there. 33 They won’t be sought for in the council of the people. They won’t mount on high in the assembly. They won’t sit on the seat of the judge. They won’t understand the covenant of judgment. Neither will they declare instruction and judgment. They won’t be found where parables are. 34 But they will maintain the fabric of the age. Their prayer is in the handiwork of their craft. Not so he who has applied his soul and meditates in the law of the Most High.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 15:25 and Sirach 38:5

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Exodus describes bitter water made drinkable when Moses throws a tree into it, linking it to God’s role as healer. Sirach recalls this story, presenting it as an example of how God provides medicines and cures through creation.

Passages

Exodus 15:25

Hebrew Bible
23 Then they came to Marah, but they were not able to drink the waters of Marah, because they were bitter. (That is why its name was Marah.) 24 So the people murmured against Moses, saying, “What can we drink?” 25 He cried out to the Lord, and the Lord showed him a tree. When Moses threw it into the water, the water became safe to drink. There the Lord made for them a binding ordinance, and there he tested them. 26 He said, “If you will diligently obey the Lord your God, and do what is right in his sight, and pay attention to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, then all the diseases that I brought on the Egyptians I will not bring on you, for I, the Lord, am your healer.” 27 Then they came to Elim, where there were twelve wells of water and seventy palm trees, and they camped there by the water.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Sirach 38:5

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
3 The skill of the physician will lift up his head. He will be admired in the sight of great men. 4 The Lord created medicines out of the earth. A prudent man will not despise them. 5 Wasn’t water made sweet with wood, that its power might be known? 6 He gave men skill that he might be glorified in his marvelous works. 7 With them he heals and takes away pain.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Adoption of the Same Ideas as the Theological Basis of Interpretation (Sirach 38:5, 9) ... At a time when scientific investigation of remedies hardly existed, biblical authors were interested in remedies themselves and, more importantly, their origins. For instance, we may call to mind the river flowing out of the temple in Ezekiel 47 as a symbol of God’s power. It carries the power in itself, grows ever stronger, and changes the contaminated water of the Dead Sea into life-giving water (Ezekiel 47:8-9). Since an attentive reader would be aware that there would now be too little salt available, the author added that the marshes containing a little bit of salt should remain (Ezekiel 47:11). Yet not only would the water itself become useful, but it would also transfer its effect to other things: “Their fruit will be for food, and their leaves for healing” (Ezekiel 47:12). Without being clumsy and ponderous, the emphasis is very clear: God’s power is acting here. The healing comes from God directly. God provides the remedies. God’s provision of remedies is stated explicitly in another passage: after the rescue at the crossing of the Red Sea and the resulting victory song, the Israelites moved further (Exodus 15:22-26) ..."
Friedrich V. Reiterer, “The Influence of the Book of Exodus on Ben Sira,” in Intertextual Studies in Ben Sira and Tobit: Essays in Honor of Alexander A. Di Lella, ed. Jeremy Corley and Vincent Skemp, CBQMS 38 (Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association of America, 2005), 100–117.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 15:25 and Sirach 38:5

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