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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Physicians, Sickness, and Mourning

Chapter 38

1 Honor a physician according to your need with the honors due to him, for truly the Lord has created him.⁠ 2 For healing comes from the Most High, and he shall receive a gift from the king. 3 The skill of the physician will lift up his head. He will be admired in the sight of great men. 4 The Lord created medicines out of the earth. A prudent man will not despise them.⁠ 5 Wasn’t water made sweet with wood, that its power might be known?⁠ 6 He gave men skill that he might be glorified in his marvelous works. 7 With them he heals and takes away pain. 8 With these, the pharmacist makes a mixture. God’s works won’t be brought to an end. From him, peace is upon the face of the earth. 9 My son, in your sickness don’t be negligent, but pray to the Lord, and he will heal you.⁠ 10 Put away wrong doing, and direct your hands in righteousness. Cleanse your heart from all sin. 11 Give a sweet savor and a memorial of fine flour, and pour oil on your offering, according to your means. 12 Then give place to the physician, for truly the Lord has created him. Don’t let him leave you, for you need him. 13 There is a time when recovery is in their hands. 14 For they also shall ask the Lord to prosper them in diagnosis and in healing for the maintenance of life. 15 He who sins before his Maker, let him fall into the hands of the physician. 16 My son, let your tears fall over the dead, and as one who suffers grievously, begin lamentation. Wind up his body with due honor. Don’t neglect his burial. 17 Make bitter weeping and make passionate wailing. Let your mourning be according to his merit, for one day or two, lest you be spoken evil of; and so be comforted for your sorrow. 18 For from sorrow comes death. Sorrow of heart saps one’s strength. 19 In calamity, sorrow also remains. A poor man’s life is grievous to the heart. 20 Don’t give your heart to sorrow. Put it away, remembering the end. 21 Don’t forget it, for there is no returning again. You do him no good, and you would harm yourself. 22 Remember his end, for so also will yours be: yesterday for him, and today for you. 23 When the dead is at rest, let his remembrance rest. Be comforted for him when his spirit departs from him.⁠

The Skilled Worker and the Scribe

24 The wisdom of the scribe comes by the opportunity of leisure. He who has little business can become wise. 25 How could he become wise who holds the plow, who glories in the shaft of the goad, who drives oxen and is occupied in their labors, and who mostly talks about bulls? 26 He will set his heart upon turning his furrows. His lack of sleep is to give his heifers their fodder. 27 So is every craftsman and master artisan who passes his time by night as by day,⁠ those who cut engravings of signets. His diligence is to make great variety. He sets his heart to preserve likeness in his portraiture, and is careful to finish his work. 28 So too is the smith sitting by the anvil and considering the unwrought iron. The smoke of the fire will waste his flesh. He toils in the heat of the furnace. The noise of the hammer deafens his ear. His eyes are upon the pattern of the object. He will set his heart upon perfecting his works. He will be careful to adorn them perfectly. 29 So is the potter sitting at his work and turning the wheel around with his feet, who is always anxiously set at his work. He produces his handiwork in quantity. 30 He will fashion the clay with his arm and will bend its strength in front of his feet. He will apply his heart to finish the glazing. He will be careful to clean the kiln. 31 All these put their trust in their hands. Each becomes skillful in his own work. 32 Without these no city would be inhabited. Men wouldn’t reside as foreigners or walk up and down there. 33 They won’t be sought for in the council of the people. They won’t mount on high in the assembly. They won’t sit on the seat of the judge. They won’t understand the covenant of judgment. Neither will they declare instruction and judgment. They won’t be found where parables are. 34 But they will maintain the fabric of the age. Their prayer is in the handiwork of their craft. Not so he who has applied his soul and meditates in the law of the Most High.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 38:4 and Genesis Rabbah 10

Deuterocanon · Rabbinic

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Summary

Sirach praises physicians and medicine as part of creation, describing healing skills and natural remedies as gifts that relieve pain. Rabbinic tradition in Genesis Rabbah quotes this, describing physicians as those who apply herbs and treat wounds.

Passages

Sirach 38:4

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 Honor a physician according to your need with the honors due to him, for truly the Lord has created him. 2 For healing comes from the Most High, and he shall receive a gift from the king. 3 The skill of the physician will lift up his head. He will be admired in the sight of great men. 4 The Lord created medicines out of the earth. A prudent man will not despise them. 5 Wasn’t water made sweet with wood, that its power might be known? 6 He gave men skill that he might be glorified in his marvelous works. 7 With them he heals and takes away pain. 8 With these, the pharmacist makes a mixture. God’s works won’t be brought to an end. From him, peace is upon the face of the earth.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Genesis Rabbah 10

Rabbinic · Aggadah
Bar Sira said: God produced drugs from the earth with which the physician heals the wound, and with which the pharmacist mixes his compounds. Rabbi Simon said: There is not a single blade of grass that does not have a constellation in the firmament that strikes it and says to it: ‘Grow.’ That is what is written: “Do you know the rules of the heavens? Will you establish its dominion [mishtaro] on earth?” (Job 38:33). It is an expression of being in charge [shoter]. “Will you tie the chains of the Pleiades, or untie the reins of Orion?” (Job 38:31) – Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa and Rabbi Simon said: Pleiades renders fruits delicate and Orion draws it out from knot to knot. That is what is written: “Will you bring out the Mazarot in its season and guide Ursa with its sons?” (Job 38:32). Rabbi Tanḥuma said: It [Mazarot] is a constellation that softens [memazer] the produce.
500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis Rabbah

References

"... Surgery and all it encompass also fell into his sphere of activity. During an operation, the rophi wears a leather apron, straps the patient tightly to the table, and makes use of a bandage box with several compartments containing writing stylus, scissors and knife. He heals wounds with all types of herbs that God produces; he is called from one place to another to suck out snake bites, and to prescribe certain dietary regulations for injured people ... Genesis Rabbah 10:6; see also Sirach 38:4 ..."
Julius Preuss, Biblical and Talmudic Medicine (Sanhedrin, 1911), 11–12.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 38:4 and Genesis Rabbah 10

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