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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Physicians, Sickness, and Mourning

Chapter 38

1 Honor a physician according to your need with the honors due to him, for truly the Lord has created him.⁠ 2 For healing comes from the Most High, and he shall receive a gift from the king. 3 The skill of the physician will lift up his head. He will be admired in the sight of great men. 4 The Lord created medicines out of the earth. A prudent man will not despise them.⁠ 5 Wasn’t water made sweet with wood, that its power might be known?⁠ 6 He gave men skill that he might be glorified in his marvelous works. 7 With them he heals and takes away pain. 8 With these, the pharmacist makes a mixture. God’s works won’t be brought to an end. From him, peace is upon the face of the earth. 9 My son, in your sickness don’t be negligent, but pray to the Lord, and he will heal you.⁠ 10 Put away wrong doing, and direct your hands in righteousness. Cleanse your heart from all sin. 11 Give a sweet savor and a memorial of fine flour, and pour oil on your offering, according to your means. 12 Then give place to the physician, for truly the Lord has created him. Don’t let him leave you, for you need him. 13 There is a time when recovery is in their hands. 14 For they also shall ask the Lord to prosper them in diagnosis and in healing for the maintenance of life. 15 He who sins before his Maker, let him fall into the hands of the physician. 16 My son, let your tears fall over the dead, and as one who suffers grievously, begin lamentation. Wind up his body with due honor. Don’t neglect his burial. 17 Make bitter weeping and make passionate wailing. Let your mourning be according to his merit, for one day or two, lest you be spoken evil of; and so be comforted for your sorrow. 18 For from sorrow comes death. Sorrow of heart saps one’s strength. 19 In calamity, sorrow also remains. A poor man’s life is grievous to the heart. 20 Don’t give your heart to sorrow. Put it away, remembering the end. 21 Don’t forget it, for there is no returning again. You do him no good, and you would harm yourself. 22 Remember his end, for so also will yours be: yesterday for him, and today for you. 23 When the dead is at rest, let his remembrance rest. Be comforted for him when his spirit departs from him.⁠

The Skilled Worker and the Scribe

24 The wisdom of the scribe comes by the opportunity of leisure. He who has little business can become wise. 25 How could he become wise who holds the plow, who glories in the shaft of the goad, who drives oxen and is occupied in their labors, and who mostly talks about bulls? 26 He will set his heart upon turning his furrows. His lack of sleep is to give his heifers their fodder. 27 So is every craftsman and master artisan who passes his time by night as by day,⁠ those who cut engravings of signets. His diligence is to make great variety. He sets his heart to preserve likeness in his portraiture, and is careful to finish his work. 28 So too is the smith sitting by the anvil and considering the unwrought iron. The smoke of the fire will waste his flesh. He toils in the heat of the furnace. The noise of the hammer deafens his ear. His eyes are upon the pattern of the object. He will set his heart upon perfecting his works. He will be careful to adorn them perfectly. 29 So is the potter sitting at his work and turning the wheel around with his feet, who is always anxiously set at his work. He produces his handiwork in quantity. 30 He will fashion the clay with his arm and will bend its strength in front of his feet. He will apply his heart to finish the glazing. He will be careful to clean the kiln. 31 All these put their trust in their hands. Each becomes skillful in his own work. 32 Without these no city would be inhabited. Men wouldn’t reside as foreigners or walk up and down there. 33 They won’t be sought for in the council of the people. They won’t mount on high in the assembly. They won’t sit on the seat of the judge. They won’t understand the covenant of judgment. Neither will they declare instruction and judgment. They won’t be found where parables are. 34 But they will maintain the fabric of the age. Their prayer is in the handiwork of their craft. Not so he who has applied his soul and meditates in the law of the Most High.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ecclesiastes 12:7 and Sirach 38:23

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Ecclesiastes 12 describes death as the body returning to dust and the breath returning to God, using imagery from Genesis. Sirach echoes this but describes “breath” with the language of “spirit,” highlighting later cultural and philosophical influences.

Passages

Ecclesiastes 12:7

Hebrew Bible
5 and they are afraid of heights and the dangers in the street; the almond blossoms grow white, and the grasshopper drags itself along, and the caper berry shrivels up—because man goes to his eternal home, and the mourners go about in the streets— 6 before the silver cord is removed, or the golden bowl is broken, or the pitcher is shattered at the well, or the water wheel is broken at the cistern— 7 and the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the life’s breath returns to God who gave it. 8 “Absolutely futile!” laments the Teacher, “All these things are futile!” 9 Not only was the Teacher wise, but he also taught knowledge to the people; he carefully evaluated and arranged many proverbs.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

Sirach 38:23

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
21 Don’t forget it, for there is no returning again. You do him no good, and you would harm yourself. 22 Remember his end, for so also will yours be: yesterday for him, and today for you. 23 When the dead is at rest, let his remembrance rest. Be comforted for him when his spirit departs from him. 24 The wisdom of the scribe comes by the opportunity of leisure. He who has little business can become wise. 25 How could he become wise who holds the plow, who glories in the shaft of the goad, who drives oxen and is occupied in their labors, and who mostly talks about bulls?
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Jesus' last cry does not justify thinking of judgment, victory, and the coming of a new eon. 'Again' and 'great voice' refer back to verse 46, 'cried' is again a reminder of Psalm 22. Thus Matthew has understood Jesus' last cry clearly as a second - perhaps, but not necessarily, wordless - cry of prayer. While 'to give up the spirit' does not appear often, it is not an uncommon expression for 'to die.' (Compare Genesis 35:18; 1 Esdras 4:21; Sirach 38:23; Ecclesiastes 12:7; Wisdom of Solomon 16:14) Thus Matthew says merely that Jesus cries to God one last time and then dies ..."
Ulrich Luz and Helmut Koester, Matthew 21-28: A Commentary (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2005), 553.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ecclesiastes 12:7 and Sirach 38:23

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