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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Trust in God Rather Than Dreams

Chapter 34

1 Vain and false hopes are for a man void of understanding. Dreams give wings to fools.⁠ 2 As one who grasps at a shadow and follows after the wind, so is he who sets his mind on dreams. 3 The vision of dreams is a reflection, the likeness of a face near a face.⁠ 4 From an unclean thing what can be cleansed? From that which is false what can be true? 5 Divinations, and soothsayings, and dreams, are vain. The heart has fantasies like a woman in labor.⁠ 6 If they are not sent in a visitation from the Most High, don’t give your heart to them. 7 For dreams have led many astray. They have failed by putting their hope in them. 8 Without lying the law will be fulfilled. Wisdom is complete in a faithful mouth. 9 A well-instructed man knows many things. He who has much experience will declare understanding. 10 He who has no experience knows few things.⁠ 11 But he who has traveled increases cleverness. 12 I have seen many things in my travels. My understanding is more than my words. 13 I was often in danger even to death. I was preserved because of these experiences. 14 The spirit of those who fear the Lord will live,⁠ 15 for their hope is in him who saves them. 16 Whoever fears the Lord won’t be afraid, and won’t be a coward, for he is his hope. 17 Blessed is the soul of him who fears the Lord. 18 To whom does he give heed? Who is his support? 19 The eyes of the Lord are on those who love him, a mighty protection and strong support, a cover from the hot blast, a shade from the noonday sun, a guard from stumbling, and a help from falling. 20 He raises up the soul, and enlightens the eyes. He gives health, life, and blessing.

Worship, Justice, and Answered Prayer

21 He who sacrifices a thing wrongfully gotten, his offering is made in mockery. 22 The mockeries of wicked men are not acceptable.⁠ 23 The Most High has no pleasure in the offerings of the ungodly, Neither is he pacified for sins by the multitude of sacrifices. 24 Like one who kills a son before his father’s eyes is he who brings a sacrifice from the goods of the poor. 25 The bread of the needy is the life of the poor. He who deprives him of it is a man of blood.⁠ 26 Like one who murders his neighbor is he who takes away his living. 27 Like a shedder of blood is he who deprives a hired worker of his wages. 28 When one builds, and another pulls down, what profit do they have but toil? 29 When one prays, and another curses, whose voice will the Lord listen to? 30 He who washes himself after touching a dead body, and touches it again, what does he gain by his washing?⁠ 31 Even so a man fasting for his sins, and going again, and doing the same, who will listen to his prayer?⁠ What profit does he have in his humiliation?

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 34:30 and Council of Carthage

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Council of Carthage used Sirach as an authoritative source but incorrectly listed it among the “five books of Solomon.” Sirach actually comes from Ben Sira, yet its moral tone and proverb-like style caused later readers to mistake its origin.

Passages

Sirach 34:30

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
28 When one builds, and another pulls down, what profit do they have but toil? 29 When one prays, and another curses, whose voice will the Lord listen to? 30 He who washes himself after touching a dead body, and touches it again, what does he gain by his washing? 31 Even so a man fasting for his sins, and going again, and doing the same, who will listen to his prayer? What profit does he have in his humiliation?
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Council of Carthage

Early Christian · Synod of 256
Quietus of Baruch said: We who live by faith ought to obey with careful observance those things which before have been foretold for our instruction. For it is written in Solomon: He that is baptized from the dead, (and again touches the dead) what avails his washing? which certainly speaks of those who are washed by heretics, and of those that wash them. For if those who are baptized among them obtain by remission of their sins life eternal, why do they come to the Church? But if from a dead person no salvation is received, and therefore, acknowledging their previous error, they return to the truth with penitence, they ought to be sanctified with the one vital baptism which is in the Catholic Church.
256 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Council of Carthage

References

"... The eighty-fifth of the Apostolical Canons provides a list of the books in the Hebrew Canon and additionally includes the first three books of the Maccabees and the Wisdom of Sirach. However, these last four books are not included in the Canon, although the Wisdom of Sirach is specially recommended for the instruction of the young. In the Apostolical Constitutions, specifically in sections vi. 14 and 15 (also known as the Didascalia), quotations from Sirach are given with the same formula as those from the books of the Hebrew Canon. Yet, in section ii. 57 of the same work, there is no mention of any of the books of the Apocrypha. On the other hand, at the Council of Hippo in A.D. 393, Sirach was specially mentioned as one of the canonical books. This was further supported at the Council of Carthage in A.D. 397, where the "five books of Solomon," namely Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Canticles, Wisdom, and Sirach, were reckoned among the canonical Scriptures. (Between the years A.D. 390 and 419 no less than six councils were held in Africa, and four of these at Carthage. For a time, under the inspiration of Aurelius and Augustine, the Church of Tertullian and Cyprian was filled with a new life before its fatal desolation ...) This decision was also confirmed by the Council of Carthage in A.D. 419. As we delve into what the Church Fathers have said regarding the canonicity of the book, our attention first turns to the Eastern Church ..."
R. H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament (Oxford University Press, 1913), 299.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 34:30 and Council of Carthage

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