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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Trust in God Rather Than Dreams

Chapter 34

1 Vain and false hopes are for a man void of understanding. Dreams give wings to fools.⁠ 2 As one who grasps at a shadow and follows after the wind, so is he who sets his mind on dreams. 3 The vision of dreams is a reflection, the likeness of a face near a face.⁠ 4 From an unclean thing what can be cleansed? From that which is false what can be true? 5 Divinations, and soothsayings, and dreams, are vain. The heart has fantasies like a woman in labor.⁠ 6 If they are not sent in a visitation from the Most High, don’t give your heart to them. 7 For dreams have led many astray. They have failed by putting their hope in them. 8 Without lying the law will be fulfilled. Wisdom is complete in a faithful mouth. 9 A well-instructed man knows many things. He who has much experience will declare understanding. 10 He who has no experience knows few things.⁠ 11 But he who has traveled increases cleverness. 12 I have seen many things in my travels. My understanding is more than my words. 13 I was often in danger even to death. I was preserved because of these experiences. 14 The spirit of those who fear the Lord will live,⁠ 15 for their hope is in him who saves them. 16 Whoever fears the Lord won’t be afraid, and won’t be a coward, for he is his hope. 17 Blessed is the soul of him who fears the Lord. 18 To whom does he give heed? Who is his support? 19 The eyes of the Lord are on those who love him, a mighty protection and strong support, a cover from the hot blast, a shade from the noonday sun, a guard from stumbling, and a help from falling. 20 He raises up the soul, and enlightens the eyes. He gives health, life, and blessing.

Worship, Justice, and Answered Prayer

21 He who sacrifices a thing wrongfully gotten, his offering is made in mockery. 22 The mockeries of wicked men are not acceptable.⁠ 23 The Most High has no pleasure in the offerings of the ungodly, Neither is he pacified for sins by the multitude of sacrifices. 24 Like one who kills a son before his father’s eyes is he who brings a sacrifice from the goods of the poor. 25 The bread of the needy is the life of the poor. He who deprives him of it is a man of blood.⁠ 26 Like one who murders his neighbor is he who takes away his living. 27 Like a shedder of blood is he who deprives a hired worker of his wages. 28 When one builds, and another pulls down, what profit do they have but toil? 29 When one prays, and another curses, whose voice will the Lord listen to? 30 He who washes himself after touching a dead body, and touches it again, what does he gain by his washing?⁠ 31 Even so a man fasting for his sins, and going again, and doing the same, who will listen to his prayer?⁠ What profit does he have in his humiliation?

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 14:8 and Sirach 34:1

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach presents a skeptical view of dreams and visions, a perspective that contrasts with apocalyptic traditions such as in 1 Enoch, that rely heavily on dreams and visions to present their own narratives and teachings as authoritative.

Passages

1 Enoch 14:8

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
7 Your petition for them will not be granted, nor will your petition for yourselves, even though you weep and pray and speak all the words contained in the writing I have written. 8 And the vision was shown to me. In the vision, clouds called me and a mist summoned me; the path of the stars and the lightnings sped me on and hurried me, and the winds in the vision gave me wings and carried me upward, lifting me into heaven. 9 I went in until I came near a wall built of crystals and surrounded by tongues of fire, and it began to frighten me. 10 I went through the tongues of fire and came near a large house built of crystals. The walls of the house were like a mosaic floor of crystals, and its foundation was of crystal.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Sirach 34:1

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 Vain and false hopes are for a man void of understanding. Dreams give wings to fools. 2 As one who grasps at a shadow and follows after the wind, so is he who sets his mind on dreams. 3 The vision of dreams is a reflection, the likeness of a face near a face. 4 From an unclean thing what can be cleansed? From that which is false what can be true? 5 Divinations, and soothsayings, and dreams, are vain. The heart has fantasies like a woman in labor. 6 If they are not sent in a visitation from the Most High, don’t give your heart to them.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... This poem is ben Sira’s polemic against dreams. It is included in the present group of passages because it illustrates that dream interpretation has no place in his teaching activity. The Hebrew breaks off in verse one, and therefore the Greek version is the basis for our translation. The presupposition behind this didactic essay is that dreams have given hope to some Jews (Sirach 34:1, 7), a hope with which ben Sira is not at all sympathetic. Ben Sira provides no specifics about the content of the dreams in question, but his satirical remark in 34:1b may provide something of a clue. The colon “fools are sent winging” (ἀναπτερόω) by dreams may be aimed at those who claim visionary ascents to heaven (compare 1 Enoch 14:8). Ben Sira is aware of the “dream-vision” (ὅρασις ἐνυπνίου) and its parabolic-like interpretation (ὁμοίωμα). The fact that he belittles those who place their hope in dreams as “stupid men” and “fools” (34:1) ..."
Randal A. Argall, 1 Enoch and Sirach: A Comparative Literary and Conceptual Analysis of the Themes of Revelation, Creation and Judgment, EJL 8 (Atlanta: Scholar's, 1995), 81.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 14:8 and Sirach 34:1

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