Go to Related Reading
About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 33

1 No evil will happen to him who fears the Lord, but in trials once and again he will deliver him.⁠ 2 A wise man will not hate the law, but he who is a hypocrite about it is like a boat in a storm. 3 A man of understanding will put his trust in the law. And the law is faithful to him, as when one asks a divine oracle.⁠ 4 Prepare your speech, and so you will be heard. Bind up instruction, and make your answer. 5 The heart of a fool is like a cartwheel. His thoughts are like a rolling axle. A stallion horse is like a mocking friend. 6 He neighs under every one who sits upon him.⁠ 7 Why does one day excel another, when all the light of every day in the year is from the sun? 8 They were distinguished by the Lord’s knowledge, and he varied seasons and feasts. 9 Some of them he exalted and hallowed, and some of them he has made ordinary days. 10 And all men are from the ground. Adam was created from dust. 11 In the abundance of his knowledge the Lord distinguished them, and made their ways different. 12 Some of them he blessed and exalted, and some of them he made holy and brought near to himself. Some of them he cursed and brought low, and overthrew them from their place.⁠ 13 As the clay of the potter in his hand, all his ways are according to his good pleasure, so men are in the hand of him who made them, to give to them according to his judgment. 14 Good is the opposite of evil, and life is the opposite of death; so the sinner is the opposite of the godly.⁠ 15 Look upon all the works of the Most High like this, they come in pairs, one against another. 16 I was the last on watch, like one who gleans after the grape gatherers. 17 By the Lord’s blessing I arrived before them, and filled my winepress like one who gathers grapes. 18 Consider that I did not labor for myself alone, but for all those who seek instruction.

Property, Dependents, and Enslaved Workers

19 Hear me, you great men of the people, and listen with your ears, you rulers of the congregation. 20 To son and wife, to brother and friend, don’t give power over yourself while you live, and don’t give your goods to another, lest you regret it and must ask for them. 21 While you still live and breath is in you, don’t give yourself over to anybody. 22 For it is better that your children should ask from you than that you should look to the hand of your children.⁠ 23 Excel in all your works. Don’t bring a stain on your honor. 24 In the day that you end the days of your life, in the time of death, distribute your inheritance. 25 Fodder, a stick, and burdens are for a donkey. Bread, discipline, and work are for a servant. 26 Set your slave to work, and you will find rest. Leave his hands idle, and he will seek liberty. 27 Yoke and whip will bow the neck. For an evil slave there are racks and tortures. 28 Send him to labor, that he not be idle, 29 for idleness teaches much mischief. 30 Set him to work, as is fit for him. If he doesn’t obey, make his fetters heavy. Don’t be excessive toward any. Do nothing unjust. 31 If you have a slave, treat him like yourself,⁠ because you have bought him with blood. If you have a slave, treat him like yourself. For like your own soul, you will need him.⁠ 32 If you treat him ill, and he departs and runs away, 33 which way will you go to seek him?

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 33:23 and Luke 15:12

Deuterocanon · New Testament

Share:

Summary

Sirach 33 advises a father not to hand over authority or property before his death. In Luke, Jesus assumes this background in the parable of the prodigal son, where the father breaks custom by giving his son an early share of the inheritance.

Passages

Sirach 33:23

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
21 While you still live and breath is in you, don’t give yourself over to anybody. 22 For it is better that your children should ask from you than that you should look to the hand of your children. 23 Excel in all your works. Don’t bring a stain on your honor. 24 In the day that you end the days of your life, in the time of death, distribute your inheritance. 25 Fodder, a stick, and burdens are for a donkey. Bread, discipline, and work are for a servant. 26 Set your slave to work, and you will find rest. Leave his hands idle, and he will seek liberty.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Luke 15:12

New Testament
11 Then Jesus said, “A man had two sons. 12 The younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me the share of the estate that will belong to me.’ So he divided his assets between them. 13 After a few days, the younger son gathered together all he had and left on a journey to a distant country, and there he squandered his wealth with a wild lifestyle. 14 Then after he had spent everything, a severe famine took place in that country, and he began to be in need. 15 So he went and worked for one of the citizens of that country, who sent him to his fields to feed pigs. 16 He was longing to eat the carob pods the pigs were eating, but no one gave him anything.
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

References

"... The father in the story also displays a series of acts that go against the accepted patterns of society. First, he grants his son’s request even though he would be expected to object and refuse. (Compare Sirach 33:23. See also the expectation of sons to show pietas, the Roman value of loyalty towards their fathers) In ancient Rome, family property would only be handed over to sons before the patriarch’s death as a reward after the son displays responsible character. The reputation of the paterfamilias was based on having an orderly household. Both Jewish law and Greco-Roman literature taught that rebellious sons were to be punished, even with death in some cases. The parable does not indicate that the father had any sense of propriety in acquiescing to his son. While societal expectations dictated that he punishes his son to uphold the family honour, he does not. The father thus adds to the family’s shame. The father brings shame upon himself and on his family through his actions towards his son. Upon seeing his son far away (μακράν), he is filled with compassion, fully covering the shameful distance by running to him. This would have likely caught the attention of the hearers, as it was shameful for an older man to lift up his robes to run. Ben Sira teaches that the way a man walks reveals who he is (Sirach 19:30): the father shamefully runs in a manner associated with women. Furthermore, the father defiles himself by embracing his unclean son. First-century hearers of the parable would consider this behaviour scandalous ..."
Daniel K. Eng, “The Widening Circle: Honour, Shame, and Collectivism in the Parable of Prodigal Son,” ExpTim (2018): 1–9.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Sirach 33:23 and Luke 15:12

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library