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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 31

1 Wakefulness that comes from riches consumes the flesh, and anxiety about it takes away sleep. 2 Wakeful anxiety will crave slumber. In a severe disease, sleep will be broken. 3 A rich man toils in gathering money together. When he rests, he is filled with his good things. 4 A poor man toils in lack of substance. When he rests, he becomes needy. 5 He who loves gold won’t be justified. He who follows destruction will himself have his fill of it. 6 Many have been given over to ruin for the sake of gold. Their destruction meets them face to face. 7 It is a stumbling block to those who sacrifice to it. Every fool will be taken by it. 8 Blessed is the rich person who is found blameless, and who doesn’t go after gold.⁠ 9 Who is he, that we may call him blessed? For he has done wonderful things among his people.⁠ 10 Who has been tried by it, and found perfect? Then let him boast. Who has had the power to transgress, and has not transgressed? And to do evil, and has not done it? 11 His prosperity will be made sure. The congregation will proclaim his alms.

Food, Wine, and Banquets

12 Do you sit at a great table? Don’t be greedy there. Don’t say, “There is a lot of food on it!” 13 Remember that a greedy eye is a wicked thing. What has been created more greedy than an eye? Therefore it sheds tears from every face. 14 Don’t stretch your hand wherever it looks. Don’t thrust yourself with it into the dish. 15 Consider your neighbor’s feelings by your own.⁠ Be discreet in every point.⁠ 16 Eat like a human being those things which are set before you. Don’t eat greedily, lest you be hated.⁠ 17 Be first to stop for manners’ sake. Don’t be insatiable, lest you offend. 18 And if you sit among many, Don’t reach out your hand before them. 19 How sufficient to a well-mannered man is a very little. He doesn’t breathe heavily in his bed. 20 Healthy sleep comes from moderate eating.⁠ He rises early, and his wits are with him. The pain of wakefulness, colic, and griping are with an insatiable man.⁠ 21 And if you have been forced to eat, rise up in the middle of it, and you shall have rest. 22 Hear me, my son, and don’t despise me, and in the end you will appreciate my words. In all your works be skillful, and no disease will come to you. 23 People bless him who is liberal with his food. The testimony of his excellence will be believed. 24 The city will murmur at him who is a stingy with his food. The testimony of his stinginess will be accurate. 25 Don’t show yourself valiant in wine, for wine has destroyed many.⁠ 26 The furnace tests the temper of steel by dipping; so does wine test hearts in the quarreling of the proud. 27 Wine is as good as life to men, if you drink it in moderation.⁠ What life is there to a man who is without wine? It has been created to make men glad. 28 Wine drunk in season and in moderation is joy of heart and gladness of soul: 29 Wine drunk excessively is bitterness of soul, with provocation and conflict.⁠ 30 Drunkenness increases the rage of a fool to his hurt. It diminishes strength and adds wounds. 31 Don’t rebuke your neighbor at a banquet of wine. Don’t despise him in his mirth. Don’t speak a word of reproach to him.⁠ Don’t distress him by making demands of him.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 31:20 and John Chrysostom, Homily 16 on Acts 1:8

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Christian theologian John Chrysostom uses Sirach as an authoritative source for teaching when he repeats its advice about moderation in eating and self-control, showing how it influenced early Christian tradition.

Passages

Sirach 31:20

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
18 And if you sit among many, Don’t reach out your hand before them. 19 How sufficient to a well-mannered man is a very little. He doesn’t breathe heavily in his bed. 20 Healthy sleep comes from moderate eating. He rises early, and his wits are with him. The pain of wakefulness, colic, and griping are with an insatiable man. 21 And if you have been forced to eat, rise up in the middle of it, and you shall have rest. 22 Hear me, my son, and don’t despise me, and in the end you will appreciate my words. In all your works be skillful, and no disease will come to you.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

John Chrysostom, Homily 16 on Acts 1:8

Early Christian
The war is twofold, in the body and in the soul; the storm is twofold; the diseases are twofold, not only in this respect, but because both are incurable and bring great calamities with them. Not so with frugality: here there is twofold health, twofold benefit. Healthy sleep, we read, comes from moderate eating. For everywhere, what keeps within measure is pleasant; what goes beyond measure stops being pleasant. Consider: put a huge pile of kindling on a small spark, and you will no longer see the fire shining, only a lot of unpleasant smoke. Lay a load that exceeds his strength on a very strong, big man, and you will see him lying flat on the ground under his load. Load too large a cargo onto your ship, and you have guaranteed a terrible shipwreck.
387–400 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in John Chrysostom, Homily 16 on Acts

References

"... The golden age of Greek patristic literature, that is, the fourth and fifth centuries, are no exception as far as the popularity of Sirach. Besides John Chrysostom, nearly all of the most prominent authors of this period cite from Sirach, including, inter alia, Clement of Alexandria, Ambrose, and Augustine. Clement of Alexandria even believed that Sirach had influenced the Greek philosopher Heraclitus (Stromata 2:5). Sirach was also popular with authors such as Tertullian, Origen and Cyprian. Jerome, however, rejected the canonical status of Sirach. The first full commentary on Sirach was only completed in the ninth century by Rabanus Maurus. The citations in John’s homilies are often sporadic proof-texts. But what is interesting is the constant repetition of certain citations, citations that seem to have remained in John’s memory. The homilies on the books of the New Testament come in the guise of a sermonic commentary, with verse-by-verse expositions. But inside these expositions one finds many other citations which were probably quoted from memory and not necessarily from a text. It is therefore problematic to speculate from which text or version a citation originates, since John probably memorized many Sirachic proverbs during his monastic retreat or ministerial period. This obviously does not rule out the possibility that John probably had a written text at his disposal (which he may have read for study and devotion). Some proverbs are cited or alluded to more often than others. The more popular citations, which occur frequently in the homilies, are Sirach 1:22; 5:6; and 18:16-17. Other citations occurring more than once include Sirach 2:4; 3:30; 4:8; 9:9, 13, 15; 10:9, 12-13; 11:3; 13:15; 15:9; 16:3, 12; 18:30; 19:10-11; 21:2; 23:10, 17; 28:3; and 34:23. There are a total of 65 individual verses cited from Sirach in John’s New Testament homilies, only slightly fewer than the 77 verses cited from Proverbs ..."
Chris de Wet, “John Chrysostom's Use of the Book of Sirach in His Homilies on the New Testament,” (2010): 1–6.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 31:20 and John Chrysostom, Homily 16 on Acts 1:8

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