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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 30

1 He who loves his son will continue to whip him, that he may have joy from him in the end. 2 He who chastises his son will have profit from him, and will brag about him among his acquaintances. 3 He who teaches his son will provoke his enemy to jealousy. Before friends, he will rejoice in him. 4 His father dies, and is as though he had not died; for he has left one behind him like himself. 5 In his life, he saw his son and rejoiced. When he died, it was without regret. 6 He left behind him an avenger against his enemies, and one to repay kindness to his friends. 7 He who makes too much of his son will bind up his wounds. His heart will be troubled at every cry. 8 An unbroken horse becomes stubborn. An unrestrained son becomes headstrong.⁠ 9 Pamper your child, and he will make you afraid. Play with him, and he will grieve you. 10 Don’t laugh with him, lest you have sorrow with him, and you gnash your teeth in the end. 11 Give him no liberty in his youth, and don’t ignore his follies. 12 Bow down his neck in his youth, and beat him on the sides while he is a child, lest he become stubborn,⁠ and be disobedient to you, and there be sorrow to your soul. 13 Chastise your son, and give him work, lest his shameless behavior be an offense to you.

Health, Cheerfulness, and Riches

14 Better is a poor man who is healthy and fit, than a rich man who is afflicted in his body. 15 Health and fitness are better than all gold, and a strong body better than wealth without measure. 16 There is no wealth better than health of body. There is no gladness above the joy of the heart. 17 Death is better than a bitter life, and eternal rest than a continual sickness.⁠ 18 Good things poured out upon a mouth that is closed are like food offerings laid upon a grave.⁠ 19 What does an offering profit an idol? For it can’t eat or smell. So is he who is punished by the Lord,⁠ 20 seeing with his eyes and groaning, like a eunuch embracing a virgin and groaning. 21 Don’t give your soul to sorrow. Don’t afflict yourself deliberately. 22 Gladness of heart is the life of a man. Cheerfulness of a man lengthens his days. 23 Love your own soul,⁠ and comfort your heart. Remove sorrow far from you, for sorrow has destroyed many, and there is no profit in it. 24 Envy and wrath shorten life. Anxiety brings old age before its time. 25 Those who are cheerful and merry will benefit from their food.

Texts in conversation

Compare Tobit 4:17 and Sirach 30:18

Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach criticizes offerings placed on graves by comparing them to food given to someone who cannot eat. Tobit, in contrast, instructs his son to place offerings on the graves of the righteous after giving to the poor.

Passages

Tobit 4:17

Deuterocanon
15 And what you yourself hate, do to no man. Do not drink wine to drunkenness, and do not let drunkenness go with you on your way. 16 Give of your bread to the hungry, and of your garments to them that are naked: of all your abundance give alms; and do not let your eye be grudging when you give alms. 17 Pour out your bread and your wine on the tomb of the just, and do not give to sinners. 18 Ask counsel of every man that is wise, and do not despise any counsel that is profitable. 19 And bless the Lord your God at all times, and ask of him that your ways may be made straight, and that all your paths and counsels may prosper: for every nation has not good counsel; but the Lord will give to them all good things; and whom he will the Lord humbles to the nethermost Hades. And now, child, remember these commandments, and do not let them be blotted out of your heart.
225–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Tobit

Sirach 30:18

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
16 There is no wealth better than health of body. There is no gladness above the joy of the heart. 17 Death is better than a bitter life, and eternal rest than a continual sickness. 18 Good things poured out upon a mouth that is closed are like food offerings laid upon a grave. 19 What does an offering profit an idol? For it can’t eat or smell. So is he who is punished by the Lord, 20 seeing with his eyes and groaning, like a eunuch embracing a virgin and groaning.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... many translations hide the meaning of the phrase. It is clear that a grave offering is meant in the manner that Hellenistic Greeks practiced. In Greek Hellenistic burial practice on the third day after the funeral, food offerings were left at the grave, and again on the ninth day, which was commonly the end of the mourning period. See Kurtz (1971). Ben Sirach 30:18 implies that this was also a Hebrew custom, ‘Dainties set before one who cannot eat are like food offerings placed before a tomb.” See also Deuteronomy 26:14 and Psalm 106:28. We know that offerings of food for the dead were regularly made by the Egyptians. Given the general practices of the time, it seems clear that Tobit is referring to a custom that must have existed among the Hebrews of the time ..."
Robert J. Littman, Tobit: The Book of Tobit in Codex Sinaiticus (Leiden: Brill, 2008), 93.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Tobit 4:17 and Sirach 30:18

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