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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 28

1 He who takes vengeance will find vengeance from the Lord, and he will surely make his sins firm.⁠ 2 Forgive your neighbor the hurt that he has done, and then your sins will be pardoned when you pray.⁠ 3 Does anyone harbor anger against another and expect healing from the Lord?⁠ 4 Upon a man like himself he has no mercy, and does he make supplication for his own sins?⁠ 5 He himself, being flesh, nourishes wrath. Who will make atonement for his sins? 6 Remember your last end, and stop enmity. Remember corruption and death, and be true to the commandments. 7 Remember the commandments, and don’t be angry with your neighbor. Remember the covenant of the Highest, and overlook ignorance. 8 Abstain from strife, and you will diminish your sins, for a passionate man will kindle strife. 9 A man who is a sinner will trouble friends and sow discord among those who are at peace. 10 As is the fuel of the fire, so it will burn; and as the stoutness of the strife is, so it will burn. As is the strength of the man, so will be his wrath; and as is his wealth, so he will exalt his anger. 11 A contention begun in haste kindles a fire; and hasty fighting sheds blood. 12 If you blow on a spark, it will burn; and if you spit upon it, it will be quenched. Both of these come out of your mouth.⁠ 13 Curse the whisperer and double-tongued, for he has destroyed many who were at peace.⁠ 14 A slanderer has shaken many, and dispersed them from nation to nation. It has pulled down strong cities and overthrown the houses of great men. 15 A slanderer has cast out brave women and deprived them of their labors. 16 He who listens to it will not find rest, nor will he live quietly. 17 The stroke of a whip makes a mark in the flesh, but the stroke of a tongue will break bones. 18 Many have fallen by the edge of the sword, yet not so many as those who have fallen because of the tongue. 19 Happy is he who is sheltered from it, who has not passed through its wrath, who has not drawn its yoke, and has not been bound with its bands. 20 For its yoke is a yoke of iron, and its bands are bands of brass. 21 Its death is an evil death, and Hades is better than it. 22 It will not have rule over godly men. They will not be burned in its flame. 23 Those who forsake the Lord will fall into it. It will burn among them, and won’t be quenched. It will be sent against them like a lion. It will destroy them like a leopard. 24 As you hedge your possession about with thorns, and secure your silver and your gold,⁠ 25 so make a balance and a weight for your words, and make a door and a bar for your mouth. 26 Take heed lest you slip with it, lest you fall before one who lies in wait.

Texts in conversation

Compare Leviticus 19:18 and Sirach 28:2

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach echoes Leviticus 19 by urging forgiveness and rejecting vengeance, drawing on the command to love one’s neighbor. This connection demonstrates how Sirach’s wisdom tradition positions itself in continuity with the Torah.

Passages

Leviticus 19:18

Hebrew Bible
17 You must not hate your brother in your heart. You must surely reprove your fellow citizen so that you do not incur sin on account of him. 18 You must not take vengeance or bear a grudge against any of your people, but you must love your neighbor as yourself. I am the Lord. 19 You must keep my statutes. You must not allow two different kinds of your animals to breed together, you must not sow your field with two different kinds of seed, and you must not wear a garment made of two different kinds of material.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

Sirach 28:2

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
2 Forgive your neighbor the hurt that he has done, and then your sins will be pardoned when you pray. 3 Does anyone harbor anger against another and expect healing from the Lord? 4 Upon a man like himself he has no mercy, and does he make supplication for his own sins? 5 He himself, being flesh, nourishes wrath. Who will make atonement for his sins?
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... By the New Testament period there were already indications that the comparative pronoun should be understood to refer to the subject, i.e. “You shall love your neighbor who is like you,” rather than the predicate, “You shall love your neighbor as you love yourself.” ... This interpretation recognized universal human frailty that necessitates divine mercy for all and precludes harsh judgment, a man against his neighbor: “Judge not, and you will not be judged; condemn not, and you will not be condemned; forgive, and you will be forgiven” (Luke 6:37). This intricate triangulation of God, the individual, and his neighbor is closely identified with the teaching of Jesus, but in fact it advances upon the conclusions of the preceding generations. Already in Ben Sira (175 BCE) we hear a similar triangulation with an allusion to Leviticus 19:18b. Likewise, the combination of Deuteronomy 6:5 and Leviticus 19:18 is not original with the New Testament. It is heard in Jubilees 20:2, 7; 36:4-8; Testament of Issachar 5:2; Testament of Dan 5:3; Philo, Special Laws 2:63; Sibylline Oracles 8:480-82 ..."
R. Steven Notley and Jeffrey P. Garcia, “The Hebrew Scriptures in the Third Gospel,” in Searching the Scriptures: Studies in Context and Intertextuality, ed. Craig A. Evans and Jeremiah J. Johnston, LNTS 543 (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015), 128–147.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Leviticus 19:18 and Sirach 28:2

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