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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 27

1 Many have sinned for profit. He who seeks to multiply wealth will turn his eye away. 2 As a nail will stick fast between the joinings of stones, so sin will thrust itself in between buying and selling. 3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly. 4 In the shaking of a sieve, the refuse remains, so does the filth of man in his thoughts.⁠ 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels; so the test of a person is in his thoughts.⁠ 6 The fruit of a tree discloses its cultivation, so is the utterance of the thought of a person’s heart.⁠ 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested. 8 If you follow righteousness, you will obtain it, and put it on like a long robe of glory. 9 Birds will return to their own kind, so truth will return to those who practice it. 10 The lion lies in wait for prey. So does sin for those who do evil. 11 The discourse of a godly man is always wise, but the fool changes like the moon. 12 Limit your time among people void of understanding, but persevere among the thoughtful.⁠ 13 The talk of fools is offensive. Their laughter is wantonly sinful. 14 Their talk with much swearing makes hair stand upright. Their strife makes others plug their ears. 15 The strife of the proud leads to bloodshed. Their abuse of each other is a grievous thing to hear. 16 He who reveals secrets destroys trust, and will not find a close friend. 17 Love a friend, and keep faith with him; but if you reveal his secrets, you shall not follow him; 18 for as a man has destroyed his enemy, so you have destroyed the friendship of your neighbor. 19 As a bird which you have released out of your hand, so you have let your neighbor go, and you will not catch him again. 20 Don’t pursue him, for he has gone far away, and has escaped like a gazelle out of the snare. 21 For a wound may be bound up, and after abuse there may be reconciliation; but he who reveals secrets is without hope.

Malice, Vengeance, and Harmful Speech

22 One who winks the eye contrives evil things; and those who know him will keep their distance.⁠ 23 When you are present, he will speak sweetly, and will admire your words; but afterward he will twist his speech and set a trap in your words. 24 I have hated many things, but nothing like him. The Lord will hate him. 25 One who casts a stone straight up casts it on his own head. A deceitful blow opens wounds. 26 He who digs a pit will fall into it. He who sets a snare will be caught in it. 27 He who does evil things, they will roll back upon him, and he will not know where they came from. 28 Mockery and reproach are from the arrogant. Vengeance lies in wait for them like a lion. 29 Those who rejoice at the fall of the godly will be caught in a snare. Anguish will consume them before they die. 30 Wrath and anger, these also are abominations. A sinner will possess them.

Texts in conversation

The Use of Sirach in Jesus' Teaching About Fruit

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew, Jesus teaches that people are known by their fruit, describing how behavior reveals character. This is similar to Sirach’s teaching that a tree’s fruit reveals how healthy it is, just like a person's speech reveals their mind.

Passages

Sirach 27:6

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly. 4 In the shaking of a sieve, the refuse remains, so does the filth of man in his thoughts. 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels; so the test of a person is in his thoughts. 6 The fruit of a tree discloses its cultivation, so is the utterance of the thought of a person’s heart. 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Matthew 7:19

New Testament
15 “Watch out for false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing but inwardly are voracious wolves. 16 You will recognize them by their fruit. Grapes are not gathered from thorns or figs from thistles, are they? 17 In the same way, every good tree bears good fruit, but the bad tree bears bad fruit. 18 A good tree is not able to bear bad fruit, nor a bad tree to bear good fruit. 19 Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 20 So then, you will recognize them by their fruit.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... In Judaism the Old Testament already distinguished between true and false prophets, and one can see that the notion of 'pseudo-prophet' becomes more conspicuous in the LXX, in Josephus, and in Philo. Primitive Christianity from early on developed its own version of false prophecy, so that by the time of the SM the existence of Christian false prophets could be taken for granted. They not only existed, but they posed a serious threat to the community, so much so that a special warning against them was felt to be in order. The section as a whole has two concerns. First, there is the traditional warning against such false prophets; second, given the danger these people present, a method for their detection is recommended. This method takes its clues from agricultural experience and wisdom. It sounds somewhat simplistic, but in reality it is not. (See also Sirach 27:6 ... also Jeremiah 17:10) The experiences referred to in verses 16b and 17-19 are merely examples of a more general truth, so that the simplicity is deceptive. Heinrici clearly recognized this point, and referred to parallels in Aristotle ..."
Hans Dieter Betz and Adela Yarbro Collins, The Sermon on the Mount: A Commentary on the Sermon on the Mount, Including the Sermon on the Plain (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995), 529.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 27:6 and Matthew 7:19

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