Go to Related Reading
About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 27

1 Many have sinned for profit. He who seeks to multiply wealth will turn his eye away. 2 As a nail will stick fast between the joinings of stones, so sin will thrust itself in between buying and selling. 3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly. 4 In the shaking of a sieve, the refuse remains, so does the filth of man in his thoughts.⁠ 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels; so the test of a person is in his thoughts.⁠ 6 The fruit of a tree discloses its cultivation, so is the utterance of the thought of a person’s heart.⁠ 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested. 8 If you follow righteousness, you will obtain it, and put it on like a long robe of glory. 9 Birds will return to their own kind, so truth will return to those who practice it. 10 The lion lies in wait for prey. So does sin for those who do evil. 11 The discourse of a godly man is always wise, but the fool changes like the moon. 12 Limit your time among people void of understanding, but persevere among the thoughtful.⁠ 13 The talk of fools is offensive. Their laughter is wantonly sinful. 14 Their talk with much swearing makes hair stand upright. Their strife makes others plug their ears. 15 The strife of the proud leads to bloodshed. Their abuse of each other is a grievous thing to hear. 16 He who reveals secrets destroys trust, and will not find a close friend. 17 Love a friend, and keep faith with him; but if you reveal his secrets, you shall not follow him; 18 for as a man has destroyed his enemy, so you have destroyed the friendship of your neighbor. 19 As a bird which you have released out of your hand, so you have let your neighbor go, and you will not catch him again. 20 Don’t pursue him, for he has gone far away, and has escaped like a gazelle out of the snare. 21 For a wound may be bound up, and after abuse there may be reconciliation; but he who reveals secrets is without hope.

Malice, Vengeance, and Harmful Speech

22 One who winks the eye contrives evil things; and those who know him will keep their distance.⁠ 23 When you are present, he will speak sweetly, and will admire your words; but afterward he will twist his speech and set a trap in your words. 24 I have hated many things, but nothing like him. The Lord will hate him. 25 One who casts a stone straight up casts it on his own head. A deceitful blow opens wounds. 26 He who digs a pit will fall into it. He who sets a snare will be caught in it. 27 He who does evil things, they will roll back upon him, and he will not know where they came from. 28 Mockery and reproach are from the arrogant. Vengeance lies in wait for them like a lion. 29 Those who rejoice at the fall of the godly will be caught in a snare. Anguish will consume them before they die. 30 Wrath and anger, these also are abominations. A sinner will possess them.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 27:4 and Matthew 12:33

Deuterocanon · New Testament

Share:

Summary

In Matthew 12, Jesus echoes a saying from Sirach that compares speech to fruit that shows if a tree is healthy. The image illustrates how language reveals inner character and is used often in Jewish, Rabbinic, and Greco-Roman moral traditions.

Passages

Sirach 27:4

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 Many have sinned for profit. He who seeks to multiply wealth will turn his eye away. 2 As a nail will stick fast between the joinings of stones, so sin will thrust itself in between buying and selling. 3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly. 4 In the shaking of a sieve, the refuse remains, so does the filth of man in his thoughts. 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels; so the test of a person is in his thoughts. 6 The fruit of a tree discloses its cultivation, so is the utterance of the thought of a person’s heart. 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Matthew 12:33

New Testament
33 “Make a tree good and its fruit will be good, or make a tree bad and its fruit will be bad, for a tree is known by its fruit. 34 Offspring of vipers! How are you able to say anything good, since you are evil? For the mouth speaks from what fills the heart. 35 The good person brings good things out of his good treasury, and the evil person brings evil things out of his evil treasury. 36 I tell you that on the day of judgment, people will give an account for every worthless word they speak. 37 For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Evans finds numerous parallels in the rabbinic literature to Matthew 12:34, but this saying is absent from Matthew 7:15-23 and Luke 6:43-45. Betz cites several Greek moral writers as having parallel sayings to Jesus’ proverbs, but most notably, he mentions Aristotle, Aesop, and Diogenes. Nolland also cites Plutarch in his list, “Epict., Diss. 2.20.18-19; Plut., Tranq. an. 13; Mor. 472F; Seneca, Ep. 87.25,” and sees some parallel to Sirach 27:6 and the Testament of Naphtali 2:6. When citing his parallels for Matthew 7, Luz claims that “There are no direct Jewish sources” and he describes Evan and Nolland’s allusion to Sirach 27:6 as only “Somewhat similar.” However, when citing parallels for Matthew 12, Luz sees some parallel to Sirach 27:6 (as does Turner) and the Testament of Naphtali 2:6 ..."
Ronald M. Rothenberg, A Virtue Ethical View of Trinitarian Sanctification: Jesus' Roles as Teacher, Example, and Priest (Fontes, 2019), 144.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Sirach 27:4 and Matthew 12:33

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library