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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 26

1 Happy is the husband of a good wife. The number of his days will be doubled. 2 A faithful wife gives joy to her husband. He will fulfill his years in peace. 3 A good wife is a great gift. She will be given to those who fear the Lord.⁠ 4 Whether a man is rich or poor, a good heart makes a cheerful face at all times. 5 Of three things my heart was afraid, and concerning the fourth kind I made supplication: The slander of a city, the assembly of a mob, and a false accusation. All these are more grievous than death. 6 A grief of heart and sorrow is a woman who is jealous of another woman. Her tongue-lashing makes it known to all. 7 A wicked woman is like a chafing yoke. He who takes hold of her is like one who grasps a scorpion. 8 A drunken woman causes great wrath. She will not cover her own shame.⁠ 9 The fornication of a woman is in the lifting up of her eyes; it will be known by her eyelids.⁠ 10 Keep strict watch on a headstrong daughter, lest she find liberty for herself, and use it. 11 Watch out for an impudent eye, and don’t be surprised if it sins against you. 12 She will open her mouth like a thirsty traveller, and drink from every water that is near. She will sit down at every post, and open her quiver to any arrow. 13 The grace of a wife will delight her husband. Her knowledge will strengthen his bones. 14 A silent woman is a gift of the Lord. There is nothing worth so much as a well-instructed soul. 15 A modest woman is grace upon grace. There are no scales that can weigh the value of a self-controlled soul. 16 As the sun when it arises in the highest places of the Lord, so is the beauty of a good wife in her well-organized home. 17 As the lamp that shines upon the holy lampstand, so is the beauty of the face on a well-proportioned body. 18 As the golden pillars are upon a base of silver, so are beautiful feet with the breasts of one who is steadfast.

Honesty and the Testing of Friendship

28 For two things my heart is grieved, and for the third anger comes upon me: a warrior who suffers for poverty, men of understanding who are counted as garbage, and one who turns back from righteousness to sin— the Lord will prepare him for the sword! 29 It is difficult for a merchant to keep himself from wrong doing, and for a retailer to be acquitted of sin.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 26:29 and Revelation 18:3

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation 18 echoes Sirach 26 in portraying merchants linked to injustice. Sirach describes the merchant as unable to avoid sin, while Revelation includes merchants among those who become rich through corrupt association with imperial luxury.

Passages

Sirach 26:29

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
28 For two things my heart is grieved, and for the third anger comes upon me: a warrior who suffers for poverty, men of understanding who are counted as garbage, and one who turns back from righteousness to sin— the Lord will prepare him for the sword! 29 It is difficult for a merchant to keep himself from wrong doing, and for a retailer to be acquitted of sin.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Revelation 18:3

New Testament
2 He shouted with a powerful voice: “Fallen, fallen, is Babylon the great! She has become a lair for demons, a haunt for every unclean spirit, a haunt for every unclean bird, a haunt for every unclean and detested beast. 3 For all the nations have fallen from the wine of her immoral passion, and the kings of the earth have committed sexual immorality with her, and the merchants of the earth have gotten rich from the power of her sensual behavior.” 4 Then I heard another voice from heaven saying, “Come out of her, my people, so you will not take part in her sins and so you will not receive her plagues,
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... The only other place emporos appears in the New Testament is in the book of Revelation, and the description is not complimentary. Depicting the Roman Empire as a whore, Revelation 18:3 connects the “kings of the earth” who have “committed fornication with her” to the “merchants of the earth” who “have waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.” ... Merchants receive similarly dismissive treatment in the Septuagint ... emporoi sell Joseph into slavery (Genesis 37:28), fill Solomon’s overextended coffers (1 Kings 10:15, 28; 2 Chronicles 1:16), sell other Israelites into slavery (1 Maccabees 3:41; 2 Maccabees 8:34), and epitomize transgression. As Sirach 26:29 states, “A merchant (emporos) can hardly keep from wrongdoing, nor is a tradesman (kapelos) innocent of sin.” Merchants are not to be trusted to provide honest responses (Sirach 37:11), although the sage does state that one should not be ashamed of taking profit from them (42:5) ..."
Amy-Jill Levine, Short Stories by Jesus: The Enigmatic Parables of a Controversial Rabbi (New York: HarperOne, 2014), 152–153.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 26:29 and Revelation 18:3

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