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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

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The Gifts That Bring Happiness

Chapter 25

1 I enjoy three things, and they are beautiful before the Lord and men: the agreement of kindred, the friendship of neighbors, and a woman and her husband who walk together in agreement. 2 But my soul hates three sorts of people, and I am greatly offended at their life: a poor man who is arrogant, a rich man who is a liar, and an old fool who is an adulterer. 3 If you gathered nothing in your youth, how could you find anything in your old age? 4 How beautiful a thing is judgment in the gray-haired, and for elders to know good counsel!⁠ 5 How beautiful is the wisdom of old men, and understanding and counsel to men who are in honor! 6 Much experience is the crown of the aged. Their glory is the fear of the Lord.⁠ 7 There are nine things that I have thought of, and in my heart counted happy, and the tenth I will utter with my tongue:⁠ a man who has joy with his children, and a man who lives and sees the fall of his enemies.⁠ 8 Happy is he who dwells with a wife of understanding, he who has not slipped with his tongue, and he who has not served a man who is unworthy of him. 9 Happy is he who has found prudence, and he who speaks in the ears of those who listen. 10 How great is he who has found wisdom! Yet there is none greater than one who fears the Lord. 11 The fear of the Lord surpasses all things. To whom shall he who holds it be likened?

Wicked and Virtuous Wives

13 Any wound but a wound of the heart! Any wickedness but the wickedness of a woman!⁠ 14 Any calamity but a calamity from those who hate me! Any vengeance but the vengeance of enemies! 15 There is no venom worse than a snake’s venom. There is no wrath worse than an enemy’s wrath. 16 I would rather dwell with a lion and a dragon than keep house with a wicked woman. 17 The wickedness of a woman changes her appearance, and darkens her face like that of a bear. 18 Her husband will sit among his neighbors, and when he hears it, he sighs bitterly. 19 All malice is small compared to the malice of a woman. Let the portion of a sinner fall on her. 20 As walking up a sandy hill is to the feet of the aged, so is a wife full of words to a quiet man. 21 Don’t be ensnared by a woman’s beauty. Don’t desire a woman for her beauty. 22 There is anger, impudence, and great reproach if a woman supports her husband.⁠ 23 A wicked woman is abasement of heart, sadness of face, and a wounded heart. A woman who won’t make her husband happy is like hands that hang down, and weak knees.⁠ 24 The beginning of sin came from a woman. Because of her, we all die.⁠ 25 Don’t give water an outlet, and don’t give a wicked woman freedom of speech. 26 If she doesn’t go as you direct, cut her away from your flesh.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 25:8 and Matthew 5:3

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew 5, Jesus offers a series of blessings that are similar to the beatitudes in Sirach 25, which describe those who are happy or blessed. Both follow a pattern in Jewish tradition and literature that describes a praiseworthy life.

Passages

Sirach 25:8

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
5 How beautiful is the wisdom of old men, and understanding and counsel to men who are in honor! 6 Much experience is the crown of the aged. Their glory is the fear of the Lord. 7 There are nine things that I have thought of, and in my heart counted happy, and the tenth I will utter with my tongue: a man who has joy with his children, and a man who lives and sees the fall of his enemies. 8 Happy is he who dwells with a wife of understanding, he who has not slipped with his tongue, and he who has not served a man who is unworthy of him. 9 Happy is he who has found prudence, and he who speaks in the ears of those who listen. 10 How great is he who has found wisdom! Yet there is none greater than one who fears the Lord.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Matthew 5:3

New Testament
1 When he saw the crowds, he went up the mountain. After he sat down his disciples came to him. 2 Then he began to teach them by saying: 3 “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to them. 4 Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. 5 Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. 6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied. 7 Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy. 8 Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God. 9 Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called the children of God. 10 Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to them. 11 Blessed are you when people insult you and persecute you and say all kinds of evil things about you falsely on account of me. 12 Rejoice and be glad because your reward is great in heaven, for they persecuted the prophets before you in the same way.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... The original Hebrew for "Blessed" most likely was [in Sirach] but this section of Sirach has not been recovered in Hebrew. The Greek word, makarios, translated "Blessed", could also be translated "Happy", as in the NRSV, which is similar to my own translation. Some scholars think that "Happy" denotes blessing in the present age, but "Blessed" denotes happiness in the eschaton. This distinction collapses when one recognizes that the Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, and Coptic word translated "blessed" can also be translated "happy" and that any distinction between "blessed" and "happy" is what an interpreter wishes to clarify. It is also misleading to claim that "Blessed" is reserved for God, and "happy" for humans. These are distinctions that an exegete might want to make. Note that both 4Q525 and Sirach 25 contain a list of beatitudes. That means we have ample evidence that a list of beatitudes can be dated to the first half of the second century BCE. ... Before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, only Sirach 25 contained a list of beatitudes. Now we know that this literary genre was not unique to Jesus, but it was also not a pervasive form ..."
James H. Charlesworth, “The Qumran Beatitudes (4Q525) and the New Testament (Mt 5:3–11, Lk 6:20–26),” RHPR 80.1 (2000): 13–35.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 25:8 and Matthew 5:3

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