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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Wisdom’s Praise and the Torah

Chapter 24

1 Wisdom will praise her own soul, and will proclaim her glory in the midst of her people.⁠ 2 She will open her mouth in the congregation of the Most High, and proclaim her glory in the presence of his power. 3 “I came out of the mouth of the Most High, and covered the earth as a mist.⁠ 4 I lived in high places, and my throne is in the pillar of the cloud.⁠ 5 Alone I surrounded the circuit of heaven, and walked in the depth of the abyss. 6 In the waves of the sea, and in all the earth, and in every people and nation, I obtained a possession. 7 With all these I sought rest. In whose inheritance shall I lodge? 8 Then the Creator of all things gave me a command. He who created me made my tent to rest, and said, ‘Let your dwelling be in Jacob, and your inheritance in Israel.’⁠ 9 He created me from the beginning, before the ages. For all ages, I will not cease to exist.⁠ 10 In the holy tabernacle, I ministered before him. So I was established in Zion. 11 In the beloved city, likewise he gave me rest. In Jerusalem was my domain. 12 I took root in a people that was honored, even in the portion of the Lord’s own inheritance. 13 I was exalted like a cedar in Lebanon, And like a cypress tree on the mountains of Hermon.⁠ 14 I was exalted like a palm tree on the sea shore, like rose bushes in Jericho, and like a fair olive tree in the plain. I was exalted like a plane tree. 15 Like cinnamon and aspalathus, I have given a scent to perfumes. Like choice myrrh, I spread abroad a pleasant fragrance, like galbanum,⁠ onycha, stacte,⁠ and as the smell of frankincense in the tabernacle. 16 Like the terebinth, I stretched out my branches. My branches are glorious and graceful. 17 Like the vine, I put forth grace. My flowers are the fruit of glory and riches. 19 “Come to me, all you who desire me, and be filled with my fruits. 20 For my memory is sweeter than honey, and my inheritance than the honeycomb. 21 Those who eat me will be hungry for more. Those who drink me will be thirsty for more. 22 He who obeys me will not be ashamed. Those who work with me will not sin.”⁠ 23 All these things are the book of the covenant of the Most High God, the law which Moses commanded us for an inheritance for the assemblies of Jacob.⁠ 25 It is he who makes wisdom abundant, as Pishon, and as Tigris in the days of first fruits.⁠ 26 He makes understanding full as the Euphrates, and as the Jordan in the days of harvest, 27 who makes instruction shine forth as the light, as Gihon in the days of vintage. 28 The first man didn’t know her perfectly. In like manner, the last has not explored her.⁠ 29 For her thoughts are filled from the sea, and her counsels from the great deep. 30 I came out as a canal stream from a river, and as an irrigation ditch into a garden. 31 I said, “I will water my garden, and will drench my garden bed.” Behold, my stream became a river, and my river became a sea. 32 I will yet bring instruction to light as the morning, and will make these things clear from far away.⁠ 33 I will continue to pour out teaching like prophecy, and leave it to all generations.⁠ 34 See that I have not labored for myself only, but for all those who diligently seek wisdom.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 2:11 and Sirach 24:25

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Genesis describes four rivers flowing from Eden to water the garden and the lands around it. Sirach draws on this imagery and compares the wisdom of the Torah to the life-giving quality of these rivers.

Passages

Genesis 2:11

Hebrew Bible
10 Now a river flows from Eden to water the orchard, and from there it divides into four headstreams. 11 The name of the first is Pishon; it runs through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12 (The gold of that land is pure; pearls and lapis lazuli are also there.) 13 The name of the second river is Gihon; it runs through the entire land of Cush. 14 The name of the third river is Tigris; it runs along the east side of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates. 15 The Lord God took the man and placed him in the orchard in Eden to care for it and to maintain it.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Sirach 24:25

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
22 He who obeys me will not be ashamed. Those who work with me will not sin.” 23 All these things are the book of the covenant of the Most High God, the law which Moses commanded us for an inheritance for the assemblies of Jacob. 25 It is he who makes wisdom abundant, as Pishon, and as Tigris in the days of first fruits. 26 He makes understanding full as the Euphrates, and as the Jordan in the days of harvest, 27 who makes instruction shine forth as the light, as Gihon in the days of vintage. 28 The first man didn’t know her perfectly. In like manner, the last has not explored her. 29 For her thoughts are filled from the sea, and her counsels from the great deep.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Sirach 24:23-34 uses water-related metaphors to describe the great wisdom of the Torah. In verses 23-27, the Torah overflows with wisdom similar to the abundant and life-giving waters of the four rivers of the paradise in Genesis 2:11-14 (Pishon, Tigris, Euphrates, and Gihon), and two vital rivers for Judah (the Jordan) and Egypt (the Nile). In verses 28-29, Sirach uses the metaphors of the greatness and depth of the sea to depict the Torah as teeming with wisdom in such abundance that its meaning cannot fully exhausted. In verses 30-31, Sirach thinks at first to use the life-giving water to irrigate his own garden, but suddenly his canal became a river and a sea implying a cosmic dimension of wisdom. Ben Sira’s wisdom is simply the Torah, of which he was the first to benefit, and that has to be taught to others (verses 32-34). In all the three parts of Sirach 24:23-34 (verses 23-27; 28-29 & 30-34), water-related metaphors are used to highlight the nurturing potential of the Torah’s wisdom. The texts emphasize that water is of vital importance for life, a sign of blessing (see also Sirach 15:3; 21:13). Indeed, the text is not about water, but the use of these water-related metaphors to depict the priceless book of Israel highlight is ecologically insightful ..."
Jonathan Kavusa Kivatsi, “The Torah Likened with Nurturing Water of Rivers in Sirach 24:23-34: Eco-Theological Significance,” Pharos Journal of Theology 99 (2018): 1–12.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 2:11 and Sirach 24:25

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