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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Wisdom’s Praise and the Torah

Chapter 24

1 Wisdom will praise her own soul, and will proclaim her glory in the midst of her people.⁠ 2 She will open her mouth in the congregation of the Most High, and proclaim her glory in the presence of his power. 3 “I came out of the mouth of the Most High, and covered the earth as a mist.⁠ 4 I lived in high places, and my throne is in the pillar of the cloud.⁠ 5 Alone I surrounded the circuit of heaven, and walked in the depth of the abyss. 6 In the waves of the sea, and in all the earth, and in every people and nation, I obtained a possession. 7 With all these I sought rest. In whose inheritance shall I lodge? 8 Then the Creator of all things gave me a command. He who created me made my tent to rest, and said, ‘Let your dwelling be in Jacob, and your inheritance in Israel.’⁠ 9 He created me from the beginning, before the ages. For all ages, I will not cease to exist.⁠ 10 In the holy tabernacle, I ministered before him. So I was established in Zion. 11 In the beloved city, likewise he gave me rest. In Jerusalem was my domain. 12 I took root in a people that was honored, even in the portion of the Lord’s own inheritance. 13 I was exalted like a cedar in Lebanon, And like a cypress tree on the mountains of Hermon.⁠ 14 I was exalted like a palm tree on the sea shore, like rose bushes in Jericho, and like a fair olive tree in the plain. I was exalted like a plane tree. 15 Like cinnamon and aspalathus, I have given a scent to perfumes. Like choice myrrh, I spread abroad a pleasant fragrance, like galbanum,⁠ onycha, stacte,⁠ and as the smell of frankincense in the tabernacle. 16 Like the terebinth, I stretched out my branches. My branches are glorious and graceful. 17 Like the vine, I put forth grace. My flowers are the fruit of glory and riches. 19 “Come to me, all you who desire me, and be filled with my fruits. 20 For my memory is sweeter than honey, and my inheritance than the honeycomb. 21 Those who eat me will be hungry for more. Those who drink me will be thirsty for more. 22 He who obeys me will not be ashamed. Those who work with me will not sin.”⁠ 23 All these things are the book of the covenant of the Most High God, the law which Moses commanded us for an inheritance for the assemblies of Jacob.⁠ 25 It is he who makes wisdom abundant, as Pishon, and as Tigris in the days of first fruits.⁠ 26 He makes understanding full as the Euphrates, and as the Jordan in the days of harvest, 27 who makes instruction shine forth as the light, as Gihon in the days of vintage. 28 The first man didn’t know her perfectly. In like manner, the last has not explored her.⁠ 29 For her thoughts are filled from the sea, and her counsels from the great deep. 30 I came out as a canal stream from a river, and as an irrigation ditch into a garden. 31 I said, “I will water my garden, and will drench my garden bed.” Behold, my stream became a river, and my river became a sea. 32 I will yet bring instruction to light as the morning, and will make these things clear from far away.⁠ 33 I will continue to pour out teaching like prophecy, and leave it to all generations.⁠ 34 See that I have not labored for myself only, but for all those who diligently seek wisdom.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 31:1 and Sirach 24:15

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Deuterocanon

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Summary

1 Enoch 31 describes fragrant spices like galbanum and stacte growing on trees in paradise. Sirach 24 uses the same spices to describe Wisdom, and both are the spices burned as incense in the Temple.

Passages

1 Enoch 31:1

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And I saw other mountains, and among them were groves of trees, from which flowed nectar, named sarara and galbanum. 2 Beyond these mountains, I saw another mountain to the east of the ends of the earth, where there were aloe trees, and all the trees were full of stacte, similar to almond trees. 3 And when burned, it smelled sweeter than any fragrant odor.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Sirach 24:15

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
14 I was exalted like a palm tree on the sea shore, like rose bushes in Jericho, and like a fair olive tree in the plain. I was exalted like a plane tree. 15 Like cinnamon and aspalathus, I have given a scent to perfumes. Like choice myrrh, I spread abroad a pleasant fragrance, like galbanum, onycha, stacte, and as the smell of frankincense in the tabernacle. 16 Like the terebinth, I stretched out my branches. My branches are glorious and graceful.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

... Ben Sira's description of wisdom in 24:13-17 is also similar to depictions of flora associated with Eden in other Second Temple Jewish literature. 1 Enoch, for example, portrays the trees located just outside of the Garden of Righteousness (Eden) in a similar manner (1 Enoch 29-32). In both Ben Sira (24:15) and 1 Enoch, the trees are described as aromatic (ἀρωμάτων; 1 Enoch 29:2; 30:2-3; 31:1, 3; 32:1) and associated with specific fragrances including cinnamon (κιννάμωμον; 1 Enoch 30:3; 32:1; קונם בשמא 4QEnc 1 12:25; compare Exodus 30:32), myrrh (σμύρνας; 1 Enoch 29:2; מורא), onyx (שהלת), and galbanum (χαλβάνη; 1 Enoch 31:1; חלבנה). ...
Eric Raymond Naizer, “Adam, Humanity, and Angels: Early Jewish Conceptions of the Elect and Humankind Based on Genesis 1–3” (diss., Florida State University, 2013), 81.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 31:1 and Sirach 24:15

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