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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Wisdom’s Praise and the Torah

Chapter 24

1 Wisdom will praise her own soul, and will proclaim her glory in the midst of her people.⁠ 2 She will open her mouth in the congregation of the Most High, and proclaim her glory in the presence of his power. 3 “I came out of the mouth of the Most High, and covered the earth as a mist.⁠ 4 I lived in high places, and my throne is in the pillar of the cloud.⁠ 5 Alone I surrounded the circuit of heaven, and walked in the depth of the abyss. 6 In the waves of the sea, and in all the earth, and in every people and nation, I obtained a possession. 7 With all these I sought rest. In whose inheritance shall I lodge? 8 Then the Creator of all things gave me a command. He who created me made my tent to rest, and said, ‘Let your dwelling be in Jacob, and your inheritance in Israel.’⁠ 9 He created me from the beginning, before the ages. For all ages, I will not cease to exist.⁠ 10 In the holy tabernacle, I ministered before him. So I was established in Zion. 11 In the beloved city, likewise he gave me rest. In Jerusalem was my domain. 12 I took root in a people that was honored, even in the portion of the Lord’s own inheritance. 13 I was exalted like a cedar in Lebanon, And like a cypress tree on the mountains of Hermon.⁠ 14 I was exalted like a palm tree on the sea shore, like rose bushes in Jericho, and like a fair olive tree in the plain. I was exalted like a plane tree. 15 Like cinnamon and aspalathus, I have given a scent to perfumes. Like choice myrrh, I spread abroad a pleasant fragrance, like galbanum,⁠ onycha, stacte,⁠ and as the smell of frankincense in the tabernacle. 16 Like the terebinth, I stretched out my branches. My branches are glorious and graceful. 17 Like the vine, I put forth grace. My flowers are the fruit of glory and riches. 19 “Come to me, all you who desire me, and be filled with my fruits. 20 For my memory is sweeter than honey, and my inheritance than the honeycomb. 21 Those who eat me will be hungry for more. Those who drink me will be thirsty for more. 22 He who obeys me will not be ashamed. Those who work with me will not sin.”⁠ 23 All these things are the book of the covenant of the Most High God, the law which Moses commanded us for an inheritance for the assemblies of Jacob.⁠ 25 It is he who makes wisdom abundant, as Pishon, and as Tigris in the days of first fruits.⁠ 26 He makes understanding full as the Euphrates, and as the Jordan in the days of harvest, 27 who makes instruction shine forth as the light, as Gihon in the days of vintage. 28 The first man didn’t know her perfectly. In like manner, the last has not explored her.⁠ 29 For her thoughts are filled from the sea, and her counsels from the great deep. 30 I came out as a canal stream from a river, and as an irrigation ditch into a garden. 31 I said, “I will water my garden, and will drench my garden bed.” Behold, my stream became a river, and my river became a sea. 32 I will yet bring instruction to light as the morning, and will make these things clear from far away.⁠ 33 I will continue to pour out teaching like prophecy, and leave it to all generations.⁠ 34 See that I have not labored for myself only, but for all those who diligently seek wisdom.

Texts in conversation

Compare Song of Solomon 4:13 and Sirach 24:13

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

In Song of Solomon, the woman is described as a fragrant garden of nard, saffron, cinnamon, and Lebanon spice. Sirach draws on the same garden imagery for Wisdom personified as a woman, who grows tall as cedar, palm, and rose.

Passages

Song of Solomon 4:13

Hebrew Bible · Song of Songs
11 Your lips drip sweetness like the honeycomb, my bride; honey and milk are under your tongue. The fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon. 12 The Lover to His Beloved: You are a locked garden, my sister, my bride; you are an enclosed spring, a sealed-up fountain. 13 Your shoots are a royal garden full of pomegranates with choice fruits: henna with nard, 14 nard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon with every kind of spice, myrrh and aloes with all the finest spices. 15 You are a garden spring, a well of fresh water flowing down from Lebanon. 16 The Beloved to Her Lover: Awake, O north wind; come, O south wind! Blow on my garden so that its fragrant spices may send out their sweet smell. May my beloved come into his garden and eat its delightful fruit!
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Song of Solomon

Sirach 24:13

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
12 I took root in a people that was honored, even in the portion of the Lord’s own inheritance. 13 I was exalted like a cedar in Lebanon, And like a cypress tree on the mountains of Hermon. 14 I was exalted like a palm tree on the sea shore, like rose bushes in Jericho, and like a fair olive tree in the plain. I was exalted like a plane tree. 15 Like cinnamon and aspalathus, I have given a scent to perfumes. Like choice myrrh, I spread abroad a pleasant fragrance, like galbanum, onycha, stacte, and as the smell of frankincense in the tabernacle. 16 Like the terebinth, I stretched out my branches. My branches are glorious and graceful. 17 Like the vine, I put forth grace. My flowers are the fruit of glory and riches.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

... Verses 13–17 form a poetic unit in which Wisdom compares herself and her beauty to trees and plants that have a high symbolic value. Surprisingly, many scholars have so far overlooked the obvious connection between Sirach 24:13–17 with the Song of Songs. The geographical names in verses 13–14 (Lebanon, Hermon, En-Gedi and Jericho) confine the boundaries of Wisdom, and her realm seems to be identical with Israel. There is truly an amazing number of lexical similarities between Sirach 24:13–17 and the Song of Songs, especially when the geographical names and the names of trees, plants and fragrances are in question. ... Even though there are no verbatim quotations in Sirach from the Song of Songs, the employed images and metaphors are mostly the same. There can be no doubt that Ben Sira was well familiarised with the love lyrics. Precisely from this genre he chooses the numerous words with which he describes the beauty and attraction of Wisdom. Throughout his book Ben Sira several times warns about a bad and unfaithful wife and loose women (e.g., Sirach 9:1–9; 23:22–27; 25:16–26), and it is conceivable that Lady Wisdom is introduced as an ideal female companion. She is the complete opposite of seductive and dangerous women ...
Marko Marttila, Foreign Nations in the Wisdom of Ben Sira: A Jewish Sage between Opposition and Assimilation, DCLS 13 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2012), 106–108.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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