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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 18

1 He who lives forever created the whole universe.⁠ 2 The Lord alone is just. 4 He has given power to declare his works to no one. Who could trace out his mighty deeds? 5 Who could measure the strength of his majesty? Who could also proclaim his mercies? 6 As for the wondrous works of the Lord, it is not possible to take from them nor add to them,⁠ neither is it possible to explore them. 7 When a man has finished, then he is just at the beginning. When he stops, then he will be perplexed. 8 What is mankind, and what purpose do they serve? What is their good, and what is their evil?⁠ 9 The number of man’s days at the most are a hundred years. 10 As a drop of water from the sea, and a pebble from the sand, so are a few years in the day of eternity.⁠ 11 For this cause the Lord was patient over them, and poured out his mercy upon them.⁠ 12 He saw and perceived their end, that it is evil. Therefore he multiplied his forgiveness. 13 The mercy of a man is on his neighbor; but the mercy of the Lord is on all flesh:⁠ reproving, chastening, teaching, and bringing back, as a shepherd does his flock.⁠ 14 He has mercy on those who accept chastening, and that diligently seek after his judgments.

Prudence, Generosity, and Self-Control

15 My son, don’t add reproach to your good deeds, and no harsh words in any of your giving. 16 Doesn’t the dew relieve the scorching heat? So a word is better than a gift. 17 Behold, isn’t a word better than a gift? Both are with a gracious person. 18 A fool is ungracious and abusive. The gift of a grudging person consumes the eyes.⁠ 19 Learn before you speak. Take care of your health before you get sick. 20 Before judgment, examine yourself, and in the hour of scrutiny you will find forgiveness. 21 Humble yourself before you get sick. In the time of sins, repent. 22 Let nothing hinder you to pay your vow in due time. Don’t wait until death to be released. 23 Before you make a vow, prepare yourself. Don’t be like a man who tests the Lord. 24 Think about the wrath coming in the days of the end, and the time of vengeance, when he turns away his face. 25 In the days of fullness remember the time of hunger. Remember poverty and lack in the days of wealth. 26 From morning until evening, the time changes. All things are speedy before the Lord. 27 A wise man is cautious in everything. In days of sinning, he will beware of offense. 28 Every man of understanding knows wisdom. He will give thanks to him who found her. 29 They who were of understanding in sayings also became wise themselves, and poured out apt proverbs. 30 Don’t go after your lusts. Restrain your appetites.⁠ 31 If you give fully to your soul the delight of her desire, she will make you the laughing stock of your enemies. 32 Don’t make merry in much luxury,⁠ and don’t be tied to its expense. 33 Don’t be made a beggar by banqueting with borrowed money when you have nothing in your purse.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 8:4 and Sirach 18:8

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach echoes Psalm 8, asking why God notices humans in a vast creation, using the question to frame reflection on weakness and humility. By speaking in the voice of the Psalms, he places his teaching within Israel’s tradition and claims its authority.

Passages

Psalm 8:4

Hebrew Bible
2 From the mouths of children and nursing babies you have ordained praise on account of your adversaries, so that you might put an end to the vindictive enemy. 3 When I look up at the heavens, which your fingers made, and see the moon and the stars, which you set in place, 4 Of what importance is the human race, that you should notice them? Of what importance is mankind, that you should pay attention to them? 5 You made them a little less than the heavenly beings. You crowned mankind with honor and majesty. 6 you appoint them to rule over your creation; you have placed everything under their authority,
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Sirach 18:8

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
6 As for the wondrous works of the Lord, it is not possible to take from them nor add to them, neither is it possible to explore them. 7 When a man has finished, then he is just at the beginning. When he stops, then he will be perplexed. 8 What is mankind, and what purpose do they serve? What is their good, and what is their evil? 9 The number of man’s days at the most are a hundred years. 10 As a drop of water from the sea, and a pebble from the sand, so are a few years in the day of eternity.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... The formula performs a consistent semantic function: “It poses a question in element a, then abases the noun or pronoun subject by an implied answer to the question. On the basis of the implied answer, the verb in element b is negated.” One could paraphrase, on the model of Psalm 8:4, which through Job, stands behind the 'Niedrigkeitsdoxologien': “What is a mortal that you should care for him? You should not, for he is insignificant.” This form is much better suited to the de-historicized and thoroughly anthropological nature of the Hodayot’s concerns. Perhaps we can call these statements in which the Doxologies of Lowliness take part the “anthropological interrogatives.” (Compare also 4Q301 4:3; 5:3; Sirach 18:8; 4 Ezra 8:34; 2 Baruch 48:14–17) ..."
Nicholas A. Meyer, Adam’s Dust and Adam’s Glory in the Hodayot and the Letters of Paul: Rethinking Anthropogony and Theology (Leiden: Brill, 2016), 35.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 8:4 and Sirach 18:8

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