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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 18

1 He who lives forever created the whole universe.⁠ 2 The Lord alone is just. 4 He has given power to declare his works to no one. Who could trace out his mighty deeds? 5 Who could measure the strength of his majesty? Who could also proclaim his mercies? 6 As for the wondrous works of the Lord, it is not possible to take from them nor add to them,⁠ neither is it possible to explore them. 7 When a man has finished, then he is just at the beginning. When he stops, then he will be perplexed. 8 What is mankind, and what purpose do they serve? What is their good, and what is their evil?⁠ 9 The number of man’s days at the most are a hundred years. 10 As a drop of water from the sea, and a pebble from the sand, so are a few years in the day of eternity.⁠ 11 For this cause the Lord was patient over them, and poured out his mercy upon them.⁠ 12 He saw and perceived their end, that it is evil. Therefore he multiplied his forgiveness. 13 The mercy of a man is on his neighbor; but the mercy of the Lord is on all flesh:⁠ reproving, chastening, teaching, and bringing back, as a shepherd does his flock.⁠ 14 He has mercy on those who accept chastening, and that diligently seek after his judgments.

Prudence, Generosity, and Self-Control

15 My son, don’t add reproach to your good deeds, and no harsh words in any of your giving. 16 Doesn’t the dew relieve the scorching heat? So a word is better than a gift. 17 Behold, isn’t a word better than a gift? Both are with a gracious person. 18 A fool is ungracious and abusive. The gift of a grudging person consumes the eyes.⁠ 19 Learn before you speak. Take care of your health before you get sick. 20 Before judgment, examine yourself, and in the hour of scrutiny you will find forgiveness. 21 Humble yourself before you get sick. In the time of sins, repent. 22 Let nothing hinder you to pay your vow in due time. Don’t wait until death to be released. 23 Before you make a vow, prepare yourself. Don’t be like a man who tests the Lord. 24 Think about the wrath coming in the days of the end, and the time of vengeance, when he turns away his face. 25 In the days of fullness remember the time of hunger. Remember poverty and lack in the days of wealth. 26 From morning until evening, the time changes. All things are speedy before the Lord. 27 A wise man is cautious in everything. In days of sinning, he will beware of offense. 28 Every man of understanding knows wisdom. He will give thanks to him who found her. 29 They who were of understanding in sayings also became wise themselves, and poured out apt proverbs. 30 Don’t go after your lusts. Restrain your appetites.⁠ 31 If you give fully to your soul the delight of her desire, she will make you the laughing stock of your enemies. 32 Don’t make merry in much luxury,⁠ and don’t be tied to its expense. 33 Don’t be made a beggar by banqueting with borrowed money when you have nothing in your purse.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 18:18 and Matthew 6:23

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Sirach and Matthew reflect the idea of the evil eye, an ancient view of a malevolent force, connecting it to a loss of wisdom. Sirach says giving with resentment causes the eyes to dim, while Jesus says an evil eye fills the whole body with darkness.

Passages

Sirach 18:18

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
16 Doesn’t the dew relieve the scorching heat? So a word is better than a gift. 17 Behold, isn’t a word better than a gift? Both are with a gracious person. 18 A fool is ungracious and abusive. The gift of a grudging person consumes the eyes. 19 Learn before you speak. Take care of your health before you get sick. 20 Before judgment, examine yourself, and in the hour of scrutiny you will find forgiveness.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Matthew 6:23

New Testament
22 “The eye is the lamp of the body. If then your eye is healthy, your whole body will be full of light. 23 But if your eye is diseased, your whole body will be full of darkness. If then the light in you is darkness, how great is the darkness! 24 “No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and money.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Seven lamps mentioned in a vision recorded by Zechariah are identified by an angel as “the [seven] eyes of the Lord, which range through the whole earth” (Zechariah 4:10). The equation of eye and lamp is explicitly made in the Testament of Job: “My eyes, acting as lamps, looked about” (Testament of Job 18:4). This same equation of eye and lamp recurs in the well-known saying of Jesus in Matthew 6:22–23/Luke 11:33–36. Also, like lamps, the eyes can also become “dim” or “darkened,” generally by age. Sirach 18:18 states that an Evil Eye causes the dimming of the eyes (either one’s own or, more likely, those of others). Jesus speaks of an Evil Eye constituting or causing total darkness in the body (Matt 6:23/Luke 11:34) ..."
John H. Elliott, Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2016), 3:41.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 18:18 and Matthew 6:23

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