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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 18

1 He who lives forever created the whole universe.⁠ 2 The Lord alone is just. 4 He has given power to declare his works to no one. Who could trace out his mighty deeds? 5 Who could measure the strength of his majesty? Who could also proclaim his mercies? 6 As for the wondrous works of the Lord, it is not possible to take from them nor add to them,⁠ neither is it possible to explore them. 7 When a man has finished, then he is just at the beginning. When he stops, then he will be perplexed. 8 What is mankind, and what purpose do they serve? What is their good, and what is their evil?⁠ 9 The number of man’s days at the most are a hundred years. 10 As a drop of water from the sea, and a pebble from the sand, so are a few years in the day of eternity.⁠ 11 For this cause the Lord was patient over them, and poured out his mercy upon them.⁠ 12 He saw and perceived their end, that it is evil. Therefore he multiplied his forgiveness. 13 The mercy of a man is on his neighbor; but the mercy of the Lord is on all flesh:⁠ reproving, chastening, teaching, and bringing back, as a shepherd does his flock.⁠ 14 He has mercy on those who accept chastening, and that diligently seek after his judgments.

Prudence, Generosity, and Self-Control

15 My son, don’t add reproach to your good deeds, and no harsh words in any of your giving. 16 Doesn’t the dew relieve the scorching heat? So a word is better than a gift. 17 Behold, isn’t a word better than a gift? Both are with a gracious person. 18 A fool is ungracious and abusive. The gift of a grudging person consumes the eyes.⁠ 19 Learn before you speak. Take care of your health before you get sick. 20 Before judgment, examine yourself, and in the hour of scrutiny you will find forgiveness. 21 Humble yourself before you get sick. In the time of sins, repent. 22 Let nothing hinder you to pay your vow in due time. Don’t wait until death to be released. 23 Before you make a vow, prepare yourself. Don’t be like a man who tests the Lord. 24 Think about the wrath coming in the days of the end, and the time of vengeance, when he turns away his face. 25 In the days of fullness remember the time of hunger. Remember poverty and lack in the days of wealth. 26 From morning until evening, the time changes. All things are speedy before the Lord. 27 A wise man is cautious in everything. In days of sinning, he will beware of offense. 28 Every man of understanding knows wisdom. He will give thanks to him who found her. 29 They who were of understanding in sayings also became wise themselves, and poured out apt proverbs. 30 Don’t go after your lusts. Restrain your appetites.⁠ 31 If you give fully to your soul the delight of her desire, she will make you the laughing stock of your enemies. 32 Don’t make merry in much luxury,⁠ and don’t be tied to its expense. 33 Don’t be made a beggar by banqueting with borrowed money when you have nothing in your purse.

Texts in conversation

Compare Letter of Aristeas 208 and Sirach 18:13

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Deuterocanon

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Summary

In the Letter of Aristeas, the king is told to show mercy to people in pain and suffering, since God also shows mercy. Sirach connects human and divine mercy the same way, with God being merciful to everyone because of how short human life is.

Passages

Letter of Aristeas 208

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
The king praised him and asked the next in order How he could be the friend of men? And he replied, 'By observing that the human race increases and is born with much trouble and great suffering: so you must not lightly punish or inflict torments on them, since you know that the life of men is made up of pains and penalties. For if you understood everything you would be filled with pity, for God also is merciful.' The king received the answer with approbation and inquired of the next 'What is the most essential qualification for ruling? ' 'To keep oneself', he answered, 'free from bribery and to practice sobriety during the greater part of one's life, to honor righteousness above all things, and to make friends of men of this type. For God, too, is a lover of justice.'
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Aristeas

Sirach 18:13

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
9 The number of man’s days at the most are a hundred years. 10 As a drop of water from the sea, and a pebble from the sand, so are a few years in the day of eternity. 11 For this cause the Lord was patient over them, and poured out his mercy upon them. 12 He saw and perceived their end, that it is evil. Therefore he multiplied his forgiveness. 13 The mercy of a man is on his neighbor; but the mercy of the Lord is on all flesh: reproving, chastening, teaching, and bringing back, as a shepherd does his flock. 14 He has mercy on those who accept chastening, and that diligently seek after his judgments.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

“... 208. how he might be humane The virtue of philanthrōpia (benevolence) occurs with frequency in Greek literature and philosophy; it appears too in Jewish Hellenistic writings (e.g., Wis. 12:19). Aristeas, however, makes it equivalent to “mercy.” The equation of human and divine mercy accords with the expression of Sir. 18:11–14. ...”
Erich S. Gruen, “The Letter of Aristeas,” in Outside the Bible: Ancient Jewish Writings Related to Scripture, ed. Louis H. Feldman, James L. Kugel, and Lawrence H. Schiffman (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2013), 2750.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Letter of Aristeas 208 and Sirach 18:13

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