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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 16

1 Don’t desire a multitude of unprofitable children, neither delight in ungodly sons. 2 If they multiply, don’t delight in them unless the fear of the Lord is in them. 3 Don’t trust in their life. Don’t rely on their numbers; for one can be better than a thousand, and to die childless than to have ungodly children.⁠ 4 For from one who has understanding, a city will be populated, but a race of wicked men will be made desolate. 5 I have seen many such things with my eyes. My ear has heard mightier things than these. 6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be kindled. In a disobedient nation, wrath is kindled.⁠ 7 He was not pacified toward the giants of old time, who revolted in their strength.⁠ 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride.⁠ 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in like manner, the six hundred thousand footmen who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts.⁠ 11 Even if there is one stiff-necked person, it is a marvel if he will be unpunished; for mercy and wrath are both with him who is mighty to forgive, and he pours out wrath. 12 As his mercy is great, so is his correction also.⁠ He judges a man according to his works.⁠ 13 The sinner will not escape with plunder. The perseverance of the godly will not be frustrated. 14 He will make room for every work of mercy. Each man will receive according to his works.⁠ 17 Don’t say, “I will be hidden from the Lord,” and “Who will remember me from on high?” I will not be known among so many people, for what is my soul in a boundless creation? 18 Behold, heaven, the heaven of heavens, the deep, and the earth, will be moved when he visits.⁠ 19 The mountains and the foundations of the earth together are shaken with trembling when he looks at them. 20 No heart will think about these things. Who could comprehend his ways?⁠ 21 Like a tempest which no man can see, so, the majority of his works are hidden. 22 Who will declare his works of righteousness? Who will wait for them? For his covenant is afar off. 23 He who is lacking in understanding thinks about these things. An unwise and erring man thinks foolishly.

Creation, Human Beings, and God’s Mercy

24 My son, listen to me, learn knowledge, and heed my words with your heart. 25 I will impart instruction with precision, and declare knowledge exactly. 26 In the judgment of the Lord are his works from the beginning. From the making of them he determined their boundaries.⁠ 27 He arranged his works for all time, and their beginnings to their generations. They aren’t hungry or weary, and they don’t cease from their works. 28 No one pushes aside his neighbor. They will never disobey his word. 29 After this also the Lord looked at the earth and filled it with his blessings. 30 All manner of living things covered its surface, and they return into it.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 16:7 and Jubilees 20:5

Deuterocanon · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Sirach lists the ancient giants and the neighbors of Lot as examples of God’s judgment. Jubilees echoes this language and the same pairing, showing that connecting the Watchers to Sodom was a stock warning, already in use when both were written.

Passages

Sirach 16:7

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
5 I have seen many such things with my eyes. My ear has heard mightier things than these. 6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be kindled. In a disobedient nation, wrath is kindled. 7 He was not pacified toward the giants of old time, who revolted in their strength. 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride. 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins,
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Jubilees 20:5

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
4 And if any woman or young woman commits sexual immorality among you, burn her with fire and do not let them commit sexual immorality with her after their eyes and their heart; and do not let them marry women from the daughters of Canaan; for the descendants of Canaan will be rooted out of the land. 5 And he told them of the judgment of the giants, and the judgment of the Sodomites, how they had been judged on account of their wickedness, and had died on account of their sexual immorality, and impurity, and mutual corruption through sexual immorality. 6 'And guard yourselves from all sexual immorality and impurity, And from all pollution of sin, So that you do not make our name a curse, And your whole life an object of scorn, And all your sons to be destroyed by the sword, And you become cursed like Sodom, And all your remnant as the sons of Gomorrah.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... 20:5. he told them the judgment of the giants and the judgments of the Sodomites 'Judgment' in both cases is better rendered as 'punishments,' and 'the giants' as 'the Watchers.' God's punishment of the Watchers and the people of Sodom were two famous examples of divine justice. The two are mentioned together in Sirach 16:7-8 and 3 Maccabees 2:4-5. And on account of their fornication and impurity and . . . corruption Compare the three causes of the Flood in Jubilees 7:20. Although Jubilees' author sometimes includes a third term along with fornication and impurity, it is clear that these two are, in his eyes, the main source of Israel's troubles. ...
James L. Kugel, “Jubilees,” in Outside the Bible: Ancient Jewish Writings Related to Scripture, ed. Louis H. Feldman, James L. Kugel, and Lawrence H. Schiffman (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2013), 365.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 16:7 and Jubilees 20:5

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