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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 16

1 Don’t desire a multitude of unprofitable children, neither delight in ungodly sons. 2 If they multiply, don’t delight in them unless the fear of the Lord is in them. 3 Don’t trust in their life. Don’t rely on their numbers; for one can be better than a thousand, and to die childless than to have ungodly children.⁠ 4 For from one who has understanding, a city will be populated, but a race of wicked men will be made desolate. 5 I have seen many such things with my eyes. My ear has heard mightier things than these. 6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be kindled. In a disobedient nation, wrath is kindled.⁠ 7 He was not pacified toward the giants of old time, who revolted in their strength.⁠ 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride.⁠ 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in like manner, the six hundred thousand footmen who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts.⁠ 11 Even if there is one stiff-necked person, it is a marvel if he will be unpunished; for mercy and wrath are both with him who is mighty to forgive, and he pours out wrath. 12 As his mercy is great, so is his correction also.⁠ He judges a man according to his works.⁠ 13 The sinner will not escape with plunder. The perseverance of the godly will not be frustrated. 14 He will make room for every work of mercy. Each man will receive according to his works.⁠ 17 Don’t say, “I will be hidden from the Lord,” and “Who will remember me from on high?” I will not be known among so many people, for what is my soul in a boundless creation? 18 Behold, heaven, the heaven of heavens, the deep, and the earth, will be moved when he visits.⁠ 19 The mountains and the foundations of the earth together are shaken with trembling when he looks at them. 20 No heart will think about these things. Who could comprehend his ways?⁠ 21 Like a tempest which no man can see, so, the majority of his works are hidden. 22 Who will declare his works of righteousness? Who will wait for them? For his covenant is afar off. 23 He who is lacking in understanding thinks about these things. An unwise and erring man thinks foolishly.

Creation, Human Beings, and God’s Mercy

24 My son, listen to me, learn knowledge, and heed my words with your heart. 25 I will impart instruction with precision, and declare knowledge exactly. 26 In the judgment of the Lord are his works from the beginning. From the making of them he determined their boundaries.⁠ 27 He arranged his works for all time, and their beginnings to their generations. They aren’t hungry or weary, and they don’t cease from their works. 28 No one pushes aside his neighbor. They will never disobey his word. 29 After this also the Lord looked at the earth and filled it with his blessings. 30 All manner of living things covered its surface, and they return into it.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 6:4 and Sirach 16:7

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Genesis describes the Sons of God taking human wives and producing the Nephilim, giants whose presence is connected to sin and violence before the flood. Sirach recalls this, showing how it interpreted the Nephilim as literal giants.

Passages

Genesis 6:4

Hebrew Bible
2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humankind were beautiful. Thus they took wives for themselves from any they chose. 3 So the Lord said, “My Spirit will not remain in humankind indefinitely, since they are mortal. They will remain for 120 more years.” 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days (and also after this) when the sons of God would sleep with the daughters of humankind, who gave birth to their children. They were the mighty heroes of old, the famous men. 5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time. 6 The Lord regretted that he had made humankind on the earth, and he was highly offended.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Sirach 16:7

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
5 I have seen many such things with my eyes. My ear has heard mightier things than these. 6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be kindled. In a disobedient nation, wrath is kindled. 7 He was not pacified toward the giants of old time, who revolted in their strength. 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride. 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins,
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... More veiled allusions to punishment through the deluge may be reflected by the language of Sirach 16:7 (‘[God] did not forgive the giants of old’) and the Damascus Document (‘... and their sons whose height was as the height of cedars and whose bodies were as mountains [were caught] because they fell. All flesh which was on dry land decayed and became as if they never were.’). Other traditions allowed—similar to the Book of Watchers, Book of Giants, Jubilees - for the giants to persist beyond death, perhaps alongside the fallen angels, in a disembodied form of existence as spirits. This is presupposed in the sapiential songs document in 4Q510 and 4Q511, where the ‘spirits of the bastards’ are reckoned as powers with which the righteous still have to contend. In the later Christian Testament of Solomon (5:3; 17:1), the link between the post-diluvian demons and the giant offspring of the fallen angels is made explicit. This raises the possibility that would require more analysis than is possible here, namely, that mythological traditions about the giants may already have been adapted in passages of the gospels in which the desire of spirits to enter into human bodies is presupposed (so e.g. Mark 5:1–20; Matthew 12:43–45 / Luke 11:24–26) ..."
Loren T. Stuckenbruck, “The Origins of Evil in Jewish Apocalyptic Tradition: The Interpretation of Genesis 6:1-4 in the Second and Third Centuries B.C.E.,” in The Fall of the Angels, ed. Christoph Auffarth and Loren T. Stuckenbruck (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 87–118.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 6:4 and Sirach 16:7

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