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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 16

1 Don’t desire a multitude of unprofitable children, neither delight in ungodly sons. 2 If they multiply, don’t delight in them unless the fear of the Lord is in them. 3 Don’t trust in their life. Don’t rely on their numbers; for one can be better than a thousand, and to die childless than to have ungodly children.⁠ 4 For from one who has understanding, a city will be populated, but a race of wicked men will be made desolate. 5 I have seen many such things with my eyes. My ear has heard mightier things than these. 6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be kindled. In a disobedient nation, wrath is kindled.⁠ 7 He was not pacified toward the giants of old time, who revolted in their strength.⁠ 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride.⁠ 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in like manner, the six hundred thousand footmen who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts.⁠ 11 Even if there is one stiff-necked person, it is a marvel if he will be unpunished; for mercy and wrath are both with him who is mighty to forgive, and he pours out wrath. 12 As his mercy is great, so is his correction also.⁠ He judges a man according to his works.⁠ 13 The sinner will not escape with plunder. The perseverance of the godly will not be frustrated. 14 He will make room for every work of mercy. Each man will receive according to his works.⁠ 17 Don’t say, “I will be hidden from the Lord,” and “Who will remember me from on high?” I will not be known among so many people, for what is my soul in a boundless creation? 18 Behold, heaven, the heaven of heavens, the deep, and the earth, will be moved when he visits.⁠ 19 The mountains and the foundations of the earth together are shaken with trembling when he looks at them. 20 No heart will think about these things. Who could comprehend his ways?⁠ 21 Like a tempest which no man can see, so, the majority of his works are hidden. 22 Who will declare his works of righteousness? Who will wait for them? For his covenant is afar off. 23 He who is lacking in understanding thinks about these things. An unwise and erring man thinks foolishly.

Creation, Human Beings, and God’s Mercy

24 My son, listen to me, learn knowledge, and heed my words with your heart. 25 I will impart instruction with precision, and declare knowledge exactly. 26 In the judgment of the Lord are his works from the beginning. From the making of them he determined their boundaries.⁠ 27 He arranged his works for all time, and their beginnings to their generations. They aren’t hungry or weary, and they don’t cease from their works. 28 No one pushes aside his neighbor. They will never disobey his word. 29 After this also the Lord looked at the earth and filled it with his blessings. 30 All manner of living things covered its surface, and they return into it.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 13:2 and Sirach 16:7

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach echoes the traditions of the Watchers and their giant offspring, a narrative described in detail in the Book of the Watchers in 1 Enoch. Sirach reshapes this tradition and incorporates it into teachings about wisdom and forgiveness.

Passages

1 Enoch 13:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 Enoch went and said: 'Azâzêl, you will have no peace. A severe sentence has gone out against you, to put you in chains. 2 You will not be tolerated, nor will your requests be granted, because of the unrighteousness you have taught, and because of all the godlessness, unrighteousness, and sin you have shown to men.' 3 Then I went and spoke to them all together, and they were all afraid, and fear and trembling seized them. 4 They begged me to write a petition for them so that they might find forgiveness, and to read their petition in the presence of the Lord of heaven.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Sirach 16:7

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
5 I have seen many such things with my eyes. My ear has heard mightier things than these. 6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be kindled. In a disobedient nation, wrath is kindled. 7 He was not pacified toward the giants of old time, who revolted in their strength. 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride. 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in like manner, the six hundred thousand footmen who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Two observations are in order concerning this litany of God’s judgment on the many. First, ben Sira does not use the stories of Sodom and Gomorrah (fire) and the giants (warfare/flood) as types of a final conflagration. Rather, these two stories take their place among others as example stories. This is a subtle indication that ben Sira’s view of the judgment does not include a catastrophe of cosmic proportions. Second, the statement that God “did not forgive the primeval giants” (אלא נשא לפניכי קדם, Sirach 16:7a) is intriguing. In the Disputation context of Sirach 5:1–8, ben Sira quoted the sinner as presuming that God in his great mercy “will forgive” (סלס, 5:6b) his many sins. Although the verb in Sirach 5:6b is not reused in 16:7a, the two verbs are synonyms and appear together in the present instruction (16:11d). Along with the idea of presuming on forgiveness, there are a number of other parallels between the two contexts that suggest ben Sira is alluding to 5:6 in 16:7. Ben Sira, then, once again offers instruction about the relationship of forgiveness and judgment, but in this instance the instruction is based on the example of the giants of old ..."
Randal A. Argall, 1 Enoch and Sirach: A Comparative Literary and Conceptual Analysis of the Themes of Revelation, Creation and Judgment, EJL 8 (Atlanta: Scholar's, 1995), 230.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 13:2 and Sirach 16:7

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