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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 16

1 Don’t desire a multitude of unprofitable children, neither delight in ungodly sons. 2 If they multiply, don’t delight in them unless the fear of the Lord is in them. 3 Don’t trust in their life. Don’t rely on their numbers; for one can be better than a thousand, and to die childless than to have ungodly children.⁠ 4 For from one who has understanding, a city will be populated, but a race of wicked men will be made desolate. 5 I have seen many such things with my eyes. My ear has heard mightier things than these. 6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be kindled. In a disobedient nation, wrath is kindled.⁠ 7 He was not pacified toward the giants of old time, who revolted in their strength.⁠ 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride.⁠ 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in like manner, the six hundred thousand footmen who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts.⁠ 11 Even if there is one stiff-necked person, it is a marvel if he will be unpunished; for mercy and wrath are both with him who is mighty to forgive, and he pours out wrath. 12 As his mercy is great, so is his correction also.⁠ He judges a man according to his works.⁠ 13 The sinner will not escape with plunder. The perseverance of the godly will not be frustrated. 14 He will make room for every work of mercy. Each man will receive according to his works.⁠ 17 Don’t say, “I will be hidden from the Lord,” and “Who will remember me from on high?” I will not be known among so many people, for what is my soul in a boundless creation? 18 Behold, heaven, the heaven of heavens, the deep, and the earth, will be moved when he visits.⁠ 19 The mountains and the foundations of the earth together are shaken with trembling when he looks at them. 20 No heart will think about these things. Who could comprehend his ways?⁠ 21 Like a tempest which no man can see, so, the majority of his works are hidden. 22 Who will declare his works of righteousness? Who will wait for them? For his covenant is afar off. 23 He who is lacking in understanding thinks about these things. An unwise and erring man thinks foolishly.

Creation, Human Beings, and God’s Mercy

24 My son, listen to me, learn knowledge, and heed my words with your heart. 25 I will impart instruction with precision, and declare knowledge exactly. 26 In the judgment of the Lord are his works from the beginning. From the making of them he determined their boundaries.⁠ 27 He arranged his works for all time, and their beginnings to their generations. They aren’t hungry or weary, and they don’t cease from their works. 28 No one pushes aside his neighbor. They will never disobey his word. 29 After this also the Lord looked at the earth and filled it with his blessings. 30 All manner of living things covered its surface, and they return into it.

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 11:21 and Sirach 16:10

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach recalls many stories from Israel’s traditions to illustrate how divine punishment falls on those who are arrogant and rebellious. One example is Numbers 11, where the demand for meat is answered not with satisfaction but with overwhelming excess.

Passages

Numbers 11:21

Hebrew Bible
19 You will eat, not just one day, nor two days, nor five days, nor ten days, nor twenty days, 20 but a whole month, until it comes out your nostrils and makes you sick, because you have despised the Lord who is among you and have wept before him, saying, “Why did we ever come out of Egypt?”’” 21 Moses said, “The people around me are 600,000 on foot; but you say, ‘I will give them meat, that they may eat for a whole month.’ 22 Would they have enough if the flocks and herds were slaughtered for them? If all the fish of the sea were caught for them, would they have enough?” 23 And the Lord said to Moses, “Is the Lord’s hand shortened? Now you will see whether my word to you will come true or not!”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Sirach 16:10

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride. 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in like manner, the six hundred thousand footmen who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts. 11 Even if there is one stiff-necked person, it is a marvel if he will be unpunished; for mercy and wrath are both with him who is mighty to forgive, and he pours out wrath. 12 As his mercy is great, so is his correction also. He judges a man according to his works.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Ben Sira begins his treatment of human moral responsibility with an examination of the disposition of the foolish person, i.e., the one who rejects the way toward wisdom embodied above all in God’s commandments and seeks another goal (compare 15:11–20). Ben Sira asserts that such a person is still responsible because, like all persons, he has the power to follow God’s commandments, but instead chooses to follow a way of life marked by self-reliance and pride, and this so distorts the fool’s thinking that he actually attributes his sinful behavior to God. Ben Sira then turns his attention to God’s relationship with such fools and how God consistently deals with them by requiting their deeds as they deserve (compare 16:1–16). This description includes both concrete historical examples of God’s punishment of the wicked (verses 7–10 and 15–16) and clear dogmatic formulations of the principle that everyone is judged according to their deeds (verses 12–14). Thus, Ben Sira comes quite close to a theology of retribution that is found elsewhere in the OT, intertwining general formulations of retribution found in sapiential thought (compare Psalms 7:15; 9:15; 57:6; Proverbs 1–8) with historical examples of retribution found in the traditions of Israel in which God is described as directly punishing those who are stubborn and rebellious (Numbers 11:3 [compare Sirach 16:6]; 16:32 [compare Sirach 16:6a]; Genesis 19:24–25 [compare Sirach 16:8]; Deuteronomy 7:1–4 [compare Sirach 16:9]; Exodus 14:5–31 [compare Sirach 16:15]) ..."
A. Jordan Schmidt, Wisdom, Cosmos, and Cultus in the Book of Sirach (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2019), 48.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 11:21 and Sirach 16:10

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