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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 14

1 Blessed is the man who has not slipped with his mouth, and doesn’t suffer from sorrow for sins.⁠ 2 Blessed is he whose soul does not condemn him, and who has not given up hope.

The Use of Wealth

3 Riches are not appropriate for a stingy person. What would a miser do with money? 4 He who gathers by denying himself gathers for others. Others will revel in his goods. 5 If one is mean to himself, to whom will he be good?⁠ He won’t enjoy his possessions. 6 There is none more evil than he who is grudging to himself. This is a punishment for his wickedness. 7 Even if he does good, he does it in forgetfulness. In the end, he reveals his wickedness. 8 A miser is evil. He turns away and disregards souls.⁠ 9 A covetous man’s eye is not satisfied with his portion. Wicked injustice dries up his soul. 10 A miser begrudges bread, and it is lacking at his table. 11 My son, according to what you have, treat yourself well, and bring worthy offerings to the Lord.⁠ 12 Remember that death will not wait, and that the covenant of Hades hasn’t been shown to you. 13 Do good to your friends before you die. According to your ability, reach out and give to them. 14 Don’t deprive yourself of a good day. Don’t let your share of a desired good pass you by. 15 Won’t you leave your labors to another, and your toils be divided by lot? 16 Give, take, and treat yourself well, because there is no seeking of luxury in Hades.⁠ 17 All flesh grows old like a garment, for the covenant from the beginning is, “You must die!”⁠ 18 Like the leaves flourishing on a thick tree, some it sheds, and some grow, so also are the generations of flesh and blood: one comes to an end and another is born.⁠ 19 Every work rots and falls away, and its builder will depart with it.

The Search for Wisdom and Its Blessings

20 Blessed is the man who meditates on wisdom, and who reasons by his understanding. 21 He who considers her ways in his heart will also have knowledge of her secrets. 22 Go after her like a hunter, and lie in wait in her paths. 23 He who peers in at her windows will also listen at her doors. 24 He who lodges close to her house will also fasten a nail in her walls. 25 He will pitch his tent near at hand to her, and will lodge in a lodging where good things are. 26 He will set his children under her shelter, and will rest under her branches. 27 By her he will be covered from heat, and will lodge in her glory.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ecclesiastes 3:13 and Sirach 14:11

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Ecclesiastes and Sirach both urge people to enjoy food, drink, and work, based on a view that life is short and difficult. The similarity reflects ancient Near Eastern traditions that see daily pleasures as brief gifts from God.

Passages

Ecclesiastes 3:13

Hebrew Bible
11 God has made everything fit beautifully in its appropriate time, but he has also placed ignorance in the human heart so that people cannot discover what God has ordained, from the beginning to the end of their lives. 12 I have concluded that there is nothing better for people than to be happy and to enjoy themselves as long as they live, 13 and also that everyone should eat and drink, and find enjoyment in all his toil, for these things are a gift from God. 14 I also know that whatever God does will endure forever; nothing can be added to it, and nothing taken away from it. God has made it this way, so that men will fear him. 15 Whatever exists now has already been, and whatever will be has already been; for God will seek to do again what has occurred in the past.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

Sirach 14:11

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
9 A covetous man’s eye is not satisfied with his portion. Wicked injustice dries up his soul. 10 A miser begrudges bread, and it is lacking at his table. 11 My son, according to what you have, treat yourself well, and bring worthy offerings to the Lord. 12 Remember that death will not wait, and that the covenant of Hades hasn’t been shown to you. 13 Do good to your friends before you die. According to your ability, reach out and give to them.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... the formerly widespread assumption that the text of Sirach shows knowledge of the text of Qoheleth has been challenged in recent years. In 1993 Franz-Josef Backhaus systematically analyzed the 35 verses most commonly held to reflect this influence and the general theme of “carpe diem.” He concluded that in every case there was no evidence of direct literary contact between the two books, though he was careful to note Ben Sira’s knowledge of the content of Qoheleth cannot be ruled out. A few years later the question of an intertextual relationship between the two books was revisited by two leading scholars of Sirach, Maurice Gilbert and Johannes Marböck. Gilbert’s article focused principally on Ben Sira’s teaching regarding the enjoyment of life in 14:11–16, a passage frequently thought to show awareness of Qoheleth’s thinking. While Backhaus had already pointed to the absence of central lexical components of Qoheleth in Sirach 14:11–16, Gilbert supplemented his analysis by showing that death functions in fundamentally different ways in the two books. Thus, he concluded that lacking specific textual markers and differing in substantial, conceptual ways, the similarities of thought are best explained by their common immersion in a similar cultural setting ..."
Bradley C. Gregory, “A Reassessment of Sirach's Relationship to Qoheleth: A Case Study of Qoheleth 3:15 and Sirach 5:3,” in Reading Ecclesiastes Intertextually, ed. Katharine Dell and Will Kynes (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2014), 189–200.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ecclesiastes 3:13 and Sirach 14:11

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