Go to Related Reading
About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Rich and the Poor

Chapter 13

1 He who touches pitch will be defiled. He who has fellowship with a proud man will become like him. 2 Don’t take up a burden above your strength. Have no fellowship with one who is mightier and richer than yourself. What fellowship would the earthen pot have with the kettle? The kettle will strike, and the pot will be dashed in pieces.⁠ 3 The rich man does a wrong and threatens. The poor is wronged and apologizes.⁠ 4 If you are profitable, he will exploit you. If you are in need, he will forsake you. 5 If you own something, he will live with you. He will drain your resources and will not be sorry. 6 Does he need you? Then he will deceive you, smile at you, and give you hope. He will speak kindly to you and say, “What do you need?” 7 He will shame you by his delicacies until he has made you bare twice or thrice, and in the end he will laugh you to scorn. Afterward he will see you, will forsake you, and shake his head at you. 8 Beware that you are not deceived and brought low in your enjoyment. 9 If a mighty man invites you, be reserved, and he will invite you more. 10 Don’t press him, lest you be thrust back. Don’t stand far off, lest you be forgotten. 11 Don’t try to speak with him as an equal, and don’t believe his many words; for he will test you with much talk, and will examine you in a smiling manner. 12 He who doesn’t keep secrets to himself is unmerciful. He won’t hesitate to harm and to bind. 13 Keep them to yourself and be careful, for you walk in danger of falling. 15 Every living creature loves its own kind, and every man loves his neighbor.⁠ 16 All flesh associates with their own kind. A man will stick to people like himself. 17 What fellowship would the wolf have with the lamb? So is the sinner to the godly.⁠ 18 What peace is there between a hyena and a dog? What peace is there between a rich man and the poor? 19 Wild donkeys are the prey of lions in the wilderness; likewise poor men are feeding grounds for the rich. 20 Lowliness is an abomination to a proud man; likewise a poor man is an abomination to the rich. 21 When a rich man is shaken, he is supported by his friends, but when the humble is down, he is pushed away even by his friends. 22 When a rich man falls, there are many helpers. He speaks things not to be spoken, and men justify him. A humble man falls, and men rebuke him. He utters wisdom, and is not listened to. 23 A rich man speaks, and all keep silence. They extol what he says to the clouds.⁠ A poor man speaks, and they say, “Who is this?” If he stumbles, they will help to overthrow him. 24 Riches are good if they have no sin. Poverty is evil only in the opinion of the ungodly. 25 The heart of a man changes his expression, whether it is for good or for evil. 26 A cheerful face is a sign of a prosperous heart. Devising proverbs takes strenuous thinking.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 13:16 and Bava Kamma 92b

Deuterocanon · Rabbinic

Share:

Summary

Rabbinic tradition in tractate Bava Kamma uses language similar to Sirach about wealth, poverty, and friendship. The rabbis were likely familiar with a Hebrew version of Sirach and reshaped it to match the teaching style in the Mishnah and Talmud.

Passages

Sirach 13:16

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
12 He who doesn’t keep secrets to himself is unmerciful. He won’t hesitate to harm and to bind. 13 Keep them to yourself and be careful, for you walk in danger of falling. 15 Every living creature loves its own kind, and every man loves his neighbor. 16 All flesh associates with their own kind. A man will stick to people like himself. 17 What fellowship would the wolf have with the lamb? So is the sinner to the godly. 18 What peace is there between a hyena and a dog? What peace is there between a rich man and the poor? 19 Wild donkeys are the prey of lions in the wilderness; likewise poor men are feeding grounds for the rich. 20 Lowliness is an abomination to a proud man; likewise a poor man is an abomination to the rich.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Bava Kamma 92b

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
Rabba bar Mari explains each of the sources. It is written in the Torah, as it is written: “And so Esau went to Ishmael” (Genesis 28:9). It is repeated in the Prophets, as it is written: “And there were gathered vain fellows to Yiftah, and they went out with him” (Judges 11:3). And it is triplicated in the Writings, as it is written: All fowl will live with its kind, and men with those like him (Book of Ben Sira 13:17). We learned it in a mishna (Kelim 12:2): All that is attached to that which is ritually impure is ritually impure; all that is attached to that which is ritually pure is ritually pure. And we learned it in a baraita: Rabbi Eliezer says: Not for naught did the starling go to the raven but because it is its kind, as it too is a non-kosher bird.
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Bava Kamma

References

"... I have given these quotations just as they are in the works from which they are taken, without putting them in verses or even providing them with stops. Such an arrangement would have implied some metrical division, which I strongly desired to avoid ... That my collection will contribute much towards solving the great Sirach difficulties, I in no way flatter myself. The quotations are too few in proportion to the bulk of the book to throw much light on the problem. I must also distinctly state that the quotations do not always exactly correspond with references given to Ecclesiasticus. Sometimes only one of many sentences of the quotation is contained in Sirach, sometimes none at all. And thus, they can only be used after the closest examination. But still I venture to think that the bringing together of all the passages with their variae lectiones will be of some service to the student, as revealing the fact that the version of Ecclesiasticus known to the Rabbis was mostly written in pure Hebrew. And when the Rabbis who did not quote literally made some alteration, it was for such terms as are to be found in the Mishnah or the Baraithot, e.g., the Avot de Rabbi Nathan ..."
Solomon Schechter, “The Quotations from Ecclesiasticus in Rabbinic Literature,” JQR 3.4 (1891): 682–706.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Sirach 13:16 and Bava Kamma 92b

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library