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Shepherd of Hermas

About this book
Chapter 69

1 I said to him, “Sir, tell me what this tree is. I am puzzled about it, because, although so many branches were cut off, the tree is sound, and nothing appears to have been cut from it; so I am perplexed about it.” 2 “Listen,” he said, “this great tree that overshadows plains and mountains and all the earth is the law of God given to the whole world; and this law is the Son of God proclaimed to the ends of the earth. But the people who are under its shadow are those who heard the preaching and believed in Him. 3 And the great and glorious angel is Michael, who has power over these people and is their leader. For he is the one who places the law in the hearts of believers; that is why he examines those to whom he gave it, to see if they have followed it.⁠ 4 But you see each person’s rods; for the rods are the law. You see many rods made useless, and you will recognize all those who have not followed the law, and you will see each person’s place in turn.” 5 I said to him, “Then why, Sir, did he send some into the tower, and leave others for you?” “Those who violated the law they received from him,” he said, “he left under my authority for repentance; but those who satisfied the law and kept it he keeps under his own authority.” 6 “Then who,” I said, “are those who have been crowned and gone into the tower?” “All who fought the devil and overcame him in their struggle,” he said, “are crowned: these are the ones who suffered for the law. 7 But the others, who likewise returned their rods green and with shoots, though not bearing fruit, are those who were persecuted for the law, but did not suffer to the point of death, and did not deny their law. 8 But those who returned them green just as they received them are upright and righteous people, who always walked with a pure heart and have kept the Lord’s commandments. You will learn everything else when I have examined the rods that were planted and watered.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Daniel 12:1 and Shepherd of Hermas 69:3

Hebrew Bible · Early Christian

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Summary

In Daniel, Michael is the great prince who watches over Israel. In the Shepherd of Hermas, Michael has a similar authority over believers, and he places the law in their hearts and then examines whether they have obeyed it.

Passages

Daniel 12:1

Hebrew Bible
1 “At that time Michael, the great prince who watches over your people, will arise. There will be a time of distress unlike any other from the nation’s beginning up to that time. But at that time your own people, all those whose names are found written in the book, will escape. 2 Many of those who sleep in the dusty ground will awake—some to everlasting life, and others to shame and everlasting abhorrence. 3 But the wise will shine like the brightness of the heavenly expanse. And those bringing many to righteousness will be like the stars forever and ever. 4 “But you, Daniel, close up these words and seal the book until the time of the end. Many will dash about, and knowledge will increase.”
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

Shepherd of Hermas 69:3

Early Christian
2 “Listen,” he said, “this great tree that overshadows plains and mountains and all the earth is the law of God given to the whole world; and this law is the Son of God proclaimed to the ends of the earth. But the people who are under its shadow are those who heard the preaching and believed in Him. 3 And the great and glorious angel is Michael, who has power over these people and is their leader. For he is the one who places the law in the hearts of believers; that is why he examines those to whom he gave it, to see if they have followed it. 4 But you see each person’s rods; for the rods are the law. You see many rods made useless, and you will recognize all those who have not followed the law, and you will see each person’s place in turn.”
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

References

“... The angel Michael is guardian of nations, especially of Israel, sometimes in that capacity also functioning as judge. Here he represents angelic mediation of the law, an idea already established in Christianity. The great angel has already appeared as both mediator and chastiser. Some commentators take this angelic figure in Hermas to be a Christ figure confused here with a traditional Jewish treatment of Michael, since he gives the law into the people's hearts, elsewhere sends the Shepherd to Hermas, and seems to have a great deal of authority. ...”
Carolyn Osiek, The Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary, Herm (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1999), 204.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Daniel 12:1 and Shepherd of Hermas 69:3

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