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Shepherd of Hermas

About this book
Chapter 68

1 The angel of the Lord ordered crowns to be brought, which were made like palm branches; and he crowned the people who had returned the rods that had shoots and some fruit, and sent them away into the tower.⁠ 2 And he also sent the others into the tower, those who had handed in the rods that were green and had shoots, though without fruit; and he set a seal on them. 3 And all who went into the tower had the same clothing, white as snow. 4 And those who had returned their rods green as they received them, he sent away, giving them a white robe and seals. 5 After the angel finished these things, he said to the shepherd, “I am going away; but you will send these people away to their places within the walls, according to how each deserves to live; but carefully examine their rods, and then send them away. Be careful in examining them. Take care that none escape you,” he said. “Still, if any escape you, I will test them at the altar.” Having said this to the shepherd, he left. 6 After the angel left, the shepherd said to me, “Let us take everyone’s rods and plant them, to see if any of them can live.” I said to him, “Sir, how can these withered rods live?” 7 He answered me, “This tree is a willow, and this type of tree clings to life. If the rods are planted and receive a little moisture, many of them will live. After that, let’s try to pour some water over them, too. If any of them can live, I will be glad; but if it does not live, I at least will not be found negligent.” 8 So the shepherd told me to call them, in the order in which each one stood. And they came row by row, and handed the rods to the shepherd. The shepherd took the rods and planted them in rows, and after planting them, he poured a lot of water on them, so much that the rods could not be seen for the water. 9 After watering the rods, he said to me, “Let us go now, and after some days we will return and inspect all the rods; for He who created this tree wants all those who have received rods from this tree to live. And I myself hope that after they have received moisture and been watered, most of these little rods will live.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Shepherd of Hermas 68:1 and 5 Ezra 2:45

Early Christian

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Summary

In 5 Ezra, the Son of God crowns those who confessed God's name and gives them palms. In the Shepherd of Hermas, an angel gives crowns like palm branches to the most faithful believers, a similar picture of heavenly reward.

Passages

Shepherd of Hermas 68:1

Early Christian
1 The angel of the Lord ordered crowns to be brought, which were made like palm branches; and he crowned the people who had returned the rods that had shoots and some fruit, and sent them away into the tower. 2 And he also sent the others into the tower, those who had handed in the rods that were green and had shoots, though without fruit; and he set a seal on them. 3 And all who went into the tower had the same clothing, white as snow. 4 And those who had returned their rods green as they received them, he sent away, giving them a white robe and seals.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

5 Ezra 2:45

Early Christian · 2 Esdras 1–2
42 I, Ezra, saw upon Mount Zion a great multitude, whom I could not number, and they all praised the Lord with songs. 43 In the midst of them, there was a young man of a high stature, taller than all the rest, and upon every one of their heads he set crowns, and he was more exalted than they were. I marveled greatly at this. 44 So I asked the angel, and said, “What are these, my Lord?” 45 He answered and said to me, “These are those who have put off the mortal clothing, and put on the immortal, and have confessed the name of God. Now they are crowned, and receive palms.” 46 Then I said to the angel, “Who is the young man who sets crowns on them, and gives them palms in their hands?” 47 So he answered and said to me, “He is the Son of God, whom they have confessed in the world.” Then I began to praise those who stood so valiantly for the name of the Lord.
180–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 5 Ezra

References

“... The last three groups mentioned in 1.16-18, namely, the majority with their green sticks, are examined and sent into the tower [...]. Here, the best are rewarded first, so that those with buds and fruit on their green branches in 1.18 receive their reward of palm crowns in v. 1, a recognizable symbol of victory, based on athletic prizes. [...] the same snow-white garments that the others also received (v. 3). The white garments, like the crowns, are recognizable signs of heavenly triumph. [...] Likewise in 4 Ezra 2.42-48, adduced by Brox as a parallel, the Christ figure is a man surrounded by other people, identified by an angel as victorious confessors. ...”
Carolyn Osiek, The Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary, Herm (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1999), 201–202, 204.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Shepherd of Hermas 68:1 and 5 Ezra 2:45

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