Go to Related Reading
About this book

Shepherd of Hermas

About this book
Chapter 64

1 I said to him, “Sir, explain one more thing to me.” “What are you asking now?” he said. “Sir,” I said, “are those who live in self-indulgence and are deceived punished for as long as they lived in self-indulgence and deception?” He said to me, “They are punished for the same length of time.” 2 “Then, Sir,” I said, “they undergo very mild punishments; for those who live like that, forgetting God, ought to be punished sevenfold.” 3 He said to me, “You are foolish, and do not understand the power of the punishment.” “True,” I said, “for if I had understood, I would not have asked you to tell me.” “Listen,” he said, “to the power of both self-indulgence and the punishment. 4 The time of self-indulgence and deceit is one hour. But one hour of punishment has the power of thirty days. So if someone lives in self-indulgence and is deceived for one day, and is punished for one day, the day of punishment is equal to a whole year. For every day a person lives in self-indulgence, he is punished for a year.⁠ You see then,” he said, “that the time of self-indulgence and deceit is very short, but the time of punishment and torment is long.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 14:34 and Shepherd of Hermas 64:4

Hebrew Bible · Early Christian

Share:

Summary

In Numbers, God sentences Israel to wander forty years, one year for each day the spies explored the land. In the Shepherd of Hermas, an angel applies a similar day-for-year pattern to each person, and every day of indulgence brings a year of punishment.

Passages

Numbers 14:34

Hebrew Bible
28 Say to them, ‘As I live, says the Lord, I will surely do to you just what you have spoken in my hearing. 29 Your dead bodies will fall in this wilderness—all those of you who were numbered, according to your full number, from twenty years old and upward, who have murmured against me. 30 You will by no means enter into the land where I swore to settle you. The only exceptions are Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son of Nun. 31 But I will bring in your little ones, whom you said would become victims of war, and they will enjoy the land that you have despised. 32 But as for you, your dead bodies will fall in this wilderness, 33 and your children will wander in the wilderness 40 years and suffer for your unfaithfulness, until your dead bodies lie finished in the wilderness. 34 According to the number of the days you have investigated this land, 40 days—one day for a year—you will suffer for your iniquities, 40 years, and you will know what it means to thwart me. 35 I, the Lord, have said, “I will surely do so to all this evil congregation that has gathered together against me. In this wilderness they will be finished, and there they will die!”’”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Shepherd of Hermas 64:4

Early Christian
1 I said to him, “Sir, explain one more thing to me.” “What are you asking now?” he said. “Sir,” I said, “are those who live in self-indulgence and are deceived punished for as long as they lived in self-indulgence and deception?” He said to me, “They are punished for the same length of time.” 2 “Then, Sir,” I said, “they undergo very mild punishments; for those who live like that, forgetting God, ought to be punished sevenfold.” 3 He said to me, “You are foolish, and do not understand the power of the punishment.” “True,” I said, “for if I had understood, I would not have asked you to tell me.” “Listen,” he said, “to the power of both self-indulgence and the punishment. 4 The time of self-indulgence and deceit is one hour. But one hour of punishment has the power of thirty days. So if someone lives in self-indulgence and is deceived for one day, and is punished for one day, the day of punishment is equal to a whole year. For every day a person lives in self-indulgence, he is punished for a year. You see then,” he said, “that the time of self-indulgence and deceit is very short, but the time of punishment and torment is long.”
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

References

“... Suitability of the punishment to fit the crime is an important component of contemporary ideas of retribution. Here the question is compatibility of time, and it must be remembered that it is not otherworldly but this-worldly torment [...] that is envisioned (v. 1). [...] Verse 4 gives a mathematical formula based on a twelve-hour day of activity, and explains that the amount of suffering is appropriate to the amount of transgression [...] Twelve hours times thirty days = 360 days, or approximately a year. The figures are rhetorical estimates. [...] day-to-year correspondence for punishment, Num 14:34 ...”
Carolyn Osiek, The Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary, Herm (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1999), 189–190.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Numbers 14:34 and Shepherd of Hermas 64:4

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library