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Shepherd of Hermas

About this book

The First Mandate, on Faith in God

Chapter 26

1 “First of all, believe that God is One, the One who created all things and set them in order, and brought all things from non-existence into being,⁠ who contains all things, but alone is not contained. 2 Therefore believe Him, and fear Him, and in this fear be self-controlled. Keep these things, and you will cast off all wickedness from yourself, and will clothe yourself in every virtue of righteousness, and will live for God, if you keep this commandment.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Shepherd of Hermas 26:1 and Irenaeus, Against Heresies 4.20

Early Christian

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Summary

The Christian theologian Irenaeus quotes a section from the Shepherd of Hermas, highlighting how he regarded it as a genuine expression of apostolic teaching and an authoritative source for his theology.

Passages

Shepherd of Hermas 26:1

Early Christian
1 “First of all, believe that God is One, the One who created all things and set them in order, and brought all things from non-existence into being, who contains all things, but alone is not contained. 2 Therefore believe Him, and fear Him, and in this fear be self-controlled. Keep these things, and you will cast off all wickedness from yourself, and will clothe yourself in every virtue of righteousness, and will live for God, if you keep this commandment.”
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

Irenaeus, Against Heresies 4.20

Early Christian
2 Truly, then, the Scripture declared, which says, First of all believe that there is one God, who has established all things, and completed them, and having caused that from what had no being, all things should come into existence: He who contains all things, and is Himself contained by no one. Rightly also has Malachi said among the prophets: Is it not one God who has established us? Have we not all one Father? In accordance with this, too, does the apostle say, There is one God, the Father, who is above all, and in us all. Likewise does the Lord also say: All things are delivered to Me by My Father; manifestly by Him who made all things; for He did not deliver to Him the things of another, but His own. But in all things [it is implied that] nothing has been kept back [from Him], and for this reason the same person is the Judge of the living and the dead; having the key of David: He shall open, and no man shall shut: He shall shut, and no man shall open. For no one was able, either in heaven or in earth, or under the earth, to open the book of the Father, or to behold Him, with the exception of the Lamb who was slain, and who redeemed us with His own blood, receiving power over all things from the same God who made all things by the Word, and adorned them by [His] Wisdom, when the Word was made flesh; that even as the Word of God had the sovereignty in the heavens, so also might He have the sovereignty in earth, inasmuch as [He was] a righteous man, who did no sin, neither was there found guile in His mouth; and that He might have the pre-eminence over those things which are under the earth, He Himself being made the first-begotten of the dead; and that all things, as I have already said, might behold their King; and that the paternal light might meet with and rest upon the flesh of our Lord, and come to us from His resplendent flesh, and that thus man might attain to immortality, having been invested with the paternal light.
175–190 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Irenaeus, Against Heresies Book 4

References

"... A recent article by Matthew Steenberg provides significant help on Irenaeus’s notion of scripture. He demonstrates through analysis of Irenaeus’s use of graphe that “non-delimited use of the term is always scriptural in its implication.” In other words, for Irenaeus “to refer simply to ‘the writings’ (graphai) or ̔‘the writing’ (graphe), without further qualification, is always and without exception to indicate a passage or concept drawn from a book of scriptural [or biblical] authority which Irenaeus regards as genuine to the Christian tradition according to the teaching of the apostles.” Steenberg goes on to define Irenaeus’s concept of scripture: “For Irenaeus, ‘scripture’ is that which speaks of Christ in accordance with the typological revelation of the Old Testament, in the manner set forth by the witness of the apostolic preaching.” For Irenaeus, then, scripture went beyond the Septuagint, the writings of the prophets, and those apostolic texts that he believed to be of theological weight equal to the prophets ..."
D. Jeffrey Bingham, “Senses of Scripture in the Second Century: Irenaeus, Scripture, and Noncanonical Christian Texts,” JR 97.1 (2017): 26–55.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Shepherd of Hermas 26:1 and Irenaeus, Against Heresies 4.20

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