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Shepherd of Hermas

About this book

The Fifth Vision of the Shepherd

Chapter 25

1 As I was praying in the house, and sitting on the couch, a man glorious in appearance came in,⁠ dressed as a shepherd, with a white skin wrapped around him, and with a bag on his shoulders and a staff in his hand.⁠ And he greeted me, and I greeted him in return. 2 He immediately sat down beside me and said to me, “I was sent by the most holy angel, so that I might stay with you for the rest of your days.” 3 I thought he had come to test me, and I said to him, “Who are you? For I know,” I said, “the one I was entrusted to.” He said to me, “Do you not recognize me?” “No,” I said. “I,” he said, “am the shepherd to whom you were entrusted.” 4 While he was still speaking, his form changed, and I recognized him as the one to whom I was entrusted; and at once I was confused, and fear seized me, and I was completely overwhelmed with distress that I had answered him so wickedly and senselessly. 5 But he answered me, “Do not be confused, but be strengthened by my commandments, which I am about to give you. For I was sent,” he said, “to show you again all the things you saw before, only the main points that are helpful to you. First of all, write down my commandments and my parables; and the other matters you will write down as I show them to you. The reason why,” he said, “I tell you to write down first the commandments and parables is so that you can read them at any time, and be able to keep them.” 6 So I wrote down the commandments and parables, as he commanded me. 7 If then, when you hear them, you keep them and walk in them, and do them with a pure heart, you will receive from the Lord all the things He promised you; but if, when you hear them, you do not repent, but keep adding to your sins, you will receive from the Lord the opposite. All these things the shepherd, the angel of repentance, commanded me to write.

Texts in conversation

Compare Shepherd of Hermas 25:1 and Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas 2:2

Early Christian

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Summary

Awaiting execution in Carthage, the Christian martyr Perpetua sees a white-haired shepherd in a garden surrounded by thousands in white, mirroring the Shepherd of Hermas’s divine figure. Both place a shepherd in a paradise setting as a source of help.

Passages

Shepherd of Hermas 25:1

Early Christian
1 As I was praying in the house, and sitting on the couch, a man glorious in appearance came in, dressed as a shepherd, with a white skin wrapped around him, and with a bag on his shoulders and a staff in his hand. And he greeted me, and I greeted him in return. 2 He immediately sat down beside me and said to me, “I was sent by the most holy angel, so that I might stay with you for the rest of your days.” 3 I thought he had come to test me, and I said to him, “Who are you? For I know,” I said, “the one I was entrusted to.” He said to me, “Do you not recognize me?” “No,” I said. “I,” he said, “am the shepherd to whom you were entrusted.”
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas 2:2

Early Christian · Passion of Perpetua
2 "Then my brother said to me, 'My dear sister, you are already in a position of great honor, and you may ask for a vision, so that it may be revealed to you whether this will result in martyrdom or release.' And I, who knew that I was privileged to speak with the Lord, whose kindnesses I had found to be so great, boldly promised him, and said, 'Tomorrow I will tell you.' And I asked, and this was what was shown to me. I saw a golden ladder of marvelous height, reaching up to heaven, and very narrow, so that only one person could climb it at a time; and on the sides of the ladder was fixed every kind of iron weapon. There were swords, lances, hooks, and daggers; so that if anyone went up carelessly, or without looking upward, he would be torn to pieces and his flesh would cling to the iron weapons. And beneath the ladder itself crouched a dragon of enormous size, who lay in wait for those who climbed and frightened them from the ascent. Saturus went up first — he who had later given himself up voluntarily on our account, not having been present at the time we were arrested. He reached the top of the ladder, and turned toward me, and said, 'Perpetua, I am waiting for you; but be careful that the dragon does not bite you.' And I said, 'In the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, he shall not hurt me.' And from beneath the ladder itself, as if afraid of me, the dragon slowly lifted up his head; and as I stepped on the first rung, I stepped on his head. And I went up, and I saw a vast garden, and in the middle of it a white-haired man sitting in the clothing of a shepherd, tall in stature, milking sheep; and standing around him were many thousands dressed in white robes. He raised his head, and looked at me, and said, 'You are welcome, daughter.' And he called me over, and from the cheese he was making he gave me what seemed like a small cake, and I received it with folded hands; and I ate it, and all who stood around said 'Amen.' At the sound of their voices I woke up, still tasting a sweetness I cannot describe. I immediately told this to my brother, and we understood that it meant martyrdom, and from then on we ceased to have any hope in this world."

References

"… it seems important to observe that both Hermas and Revelation were popular in the group of Perpetua. Apparently, the charged atmosphere of the time was reflected in the popularity of those books in which both persecution and direct contact with God via visions played an important role. … In the garden there was a ‘white-haired man (hominem canum), sitting in shepherd’s garb, tall, milking sheep’. For the white hair, Bastiaensen (ad loc.) refers to Revelation 1.14 where the voice that spoke to John is said to belong to a man whose ‘head and his hairs were white like wool’, but argues that canus does not mean ‘old’ in Perpetua. … As Perpetua relates, Christ gave her a mouthful of the cheese he was milking, which she took with cupped hands and ate. As has regularly been seen, the scene seems to refer to the post-baptismal rites. After baptism, the newly initiated received a mixture of milk and honey. … It seems therefore likely that the prominence of the Good Shepherd in the ‘Eucharistic’ part of Perpetua’s vision was ‘triggered’ by this picture. After receiving the Eucharist the faithful customarily responded with ‘Amen’. This is also how Perpetua’s vision ends, even though she herself did not join in. …"
Jan N. Bremmer, Maidens, Magic and Martyrs in Early Christianity: Collected Essays I (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017), 370–373.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Shepherd of Hermas 25:1 and Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas 2:2

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